Title: Preview
1The Rise of Dictatorships
- Preview
- Main Idea / Reading Focus
- Argentina
- Brazil
- Chile
- Other Dictatorships
2The Rise of Dictatorships
Main Idea Spiraling economic and social problems
and political turmoil in Latin America led
military leaders to seize power and install
repressive regimes.
- Reading Focus
- How did life change under dictatorships in
Argentina? - What changes occurred during the dictatorship in
Brazil? - What was life like in Chile during Pinochets
dictatorship? - How did dictatorships affect life in other
countries?
3Argentina
After World War II, Argentina and other Latin
American countries saw a rise in dictatorships.
Social and economic conditions allowed them to
take tremendous power at the expense of peoples
freedoms.
4Argentina
5Argentina
- Victims of dirty war, critics of government and
those falsely accused of being critics - Desperate relatives tried to find out what
happened to loved ones - Plaza de Mayo
- Square outside government buildings in Buenos
Aires - Group of mothers of disappeared marched every
week - Did not get wanted answers
- Brought national, international attention to
tactics of Argentinas military dictatorship
6Find the Main Idea How did dictatorships affect
society in Argentina?
Answer(s) people lived in fear economy suffered
7- Brazil
- Followed path similar to Argentinas, though more
stable for a time - Juscelino Kubitschek elected president in free
election, 1954 - Promised fifty years of progress in five
- Foreign investment flowed in, helped him achieve
goal
- Brasília
- Results of economic progress seen in capital
city, Brasília - Built in three years, cost 2 billion
- Symbol of pride, modernity, but bankrupted
Brazils economy - Military rulers seized control, 1964
8Brazil
- Under Military Rule
- Military rulers achieved success, creating
Brazilian miracle of 1968 to 1973 - Industrial exports, farming, mining grew
- Economy grew faster during this time than any
other in the world
- Rapid Growth Achieved at Cost
- To achieve rapid growth, military dictatorship
froze wages - Living standards declined sharply
- People who complained about government risked
government death squads
- Opposition Grew to Military
- As opposition grew, economy spiraled into debt,
hyperinflation - Extremely high level of inflation economy
growing too rapidly, too quickly - 1990 inflation rate more than 2,500 percent
9Identify Cause and Effect What caused Brazils
economic problems?
Answer(s) foreign investment, excessive domestic
spending, dependence on imported petroleum
products
10Chile
As in Argentina and Brazil, economic problems led
to drastic changes in Chiles government.
11Chile
- The Pinochet Regime
- Augusto Pinochet appointed commander in chief of
army a few weeks before coup - General Pinochet closely involved in coup
- Destroyed Opposition
- Pinochet took command of military junta following
coup - Became president, 1974
- Moved quickly to destroy opposition
- Pinochets Tactics
- Disbanded congress, censored media, suspended
constitution, banned opposition parties - Arrested thousands who opposed government
- Period of Growth
- Despite political crackdown, economy experienced
several periods of rapid growth - Government promoted capitalism, exports grew
12Summarize How did events in Chile lead to a
dictatorship?
Answer(s) economic problems, socialist-style
policies, CIA provided funding and training to
opposition, a coup took place
13Other Dictatorships
- Haiti
- One family headed dictatorship for 28 years
- 1957, Francois Duvalier elected president, began
to repress opposition - After his death, son carried on dictatorship
- From Bad to Worse
- Duvaliers corruption made Haitis bad economy
worse - 1986, riots broke out, Duvalier forced to flee
- 1990, JeanBertrand Aristide elected president
after years of turmoil
- Aristide
- Popular, but military coup ended presidency after
only seven months - U.S. troops invaded, Aristide returned to power,
1994 - Unable to solve economic problems, eventually
pushed from power again
14Panama
During the 1980s, Panama was controlled by
Manuel Noriega. Noriega brutally crushed enemies
and used the country as a base for drug smuggling.
15Peru
- Challenges
- 1990, Peru faced challenges of poor economy
- Shining Path, guerrilla group terrorized
countryside - Alberto Fujimori won presidential election
- Fujimori
- Took drastic measures to improve economy, stop
Shining Path - Congress complained about abuse of power
- Fujimori disbanded congress, suspended
constitution
- Elections
- Fujimori had become dictator, yet won election in
1995 - Booming economy, progress against guerilla
activity reasons for victory - Scandals, fraud forced Fujimori to resign
following election of 2000
16Compare What did the dictators in Haiti, Panama,
and Peru have in common?
Answer(s) abuse of power, economic problems,
repression of opposition