Chapter 4 INDEPENDENCE!

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Chapter 4INDEPENDENCE!

• Section 1 The Seeds of Unrest
• Section 2 The Shot Heard Round the World
• Section 3 Independence Declared
• Section 4 An American Victory

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Objectives
Section 1 The Seeds of Unrest

• How did the British Crown respond to Pontiacs
  Rebellion?
• Why did the British government pass the Sugar Act
  and the Stamp Act?
• How did the colonists respond to the Stamp Act?
• What events led to the Boston Massacre?

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Crown response to Pontiacs Rebellion
Section 1 The Seeds of Unrest

• issued the Proclamation of 1763, barring
  settlement west of the Appalachians and requiring
  traders to obtain permission before entering the
  territory
• attempted to tax the colonists to recover the
  costs of fighting the rebellion

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Sugar Act and Stamp Act
Section 1 The Seeds of Unrest

• The Sugar Act and the Stamp Act were passed
  because the British government was deeply in debt
  from fighting the French and Indian War and
  Indian uprisings.

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Colonial response to the Stamp Act
Section 1 The Seeds of Unrest

• Colonial assemblies met to protest taxation
  without representation.
• Colonial merchants signed nonimportation
  agreements.
• Some public demonstrations turned violent.

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Events leading to the Boston Massacre
Section 1 The Seeds of Unrest

• Parliament passed the Townshend Acts in 1767
  writs of assistance used to enforce them.
• British government dissolved the Massachusetts
  assembly for its opposition.
• Protest escalated into boycotts and violence
  British troops sent to Boston.
• British troops opened fire on crowd of protesters.

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Objectives
Section 2 The Shot Heard Round the World

• Why did the colonists in Massachusetts stage the
  Boston Tea Party?
• Why did Parliament pass the Intolerable Acts?
• What events led to the battles at Lexington and
  Concord?
• What actions did the Second Continental Congress
  take?

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The Boston Tea Party
Section 2 The Shot Heard Round the World

• The Tea Act of 1773 was passed to bail out the
  British East India Company it gave the company
  privileges that no American merchants had.
• The Governor of Massachusetts refused colonists
  demands that three shiploads of tea be returned
  to Britain.

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The Intolerable Acts
Section 2 The Shot Heard Round the World

• passed to punish Boston and the rest of
  Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party
• designed to strengthen British control over all
  the colonies

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Events leading to battles of Lexington and Concord
Section 2 The Shot Heard Round the World

• Colonial unity was strengthened by opposition to
  Intolerable Acts.
• First Continental Congress met called for ban on
  trade with Britain.
• Gage was ordered to put down rebellion moved to
  seize rebel military supplies.
• Paul Revere rode armed colonists confronted
  British soldiers.

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Second Continental Congress
Section 2 The Shot Heard Round the World

• Continental Army established George Washington
  chosen to command
• fought the Battle of Boston
• sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George
• voted to declare independence

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Objectives
Section 3 Independence Declared

• How did the Declaration of Independence explain
  Americas break with Great Britain?
• How did Americans react to the Declaration of
  Independence?
• What major problems did the Continental Army
  face?
• What roles did different groups of people play in
  the war?

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Declaration of Independence
Section 3 Independence Declared

• listed King George IIIs misdeeds
• established the doctrine of unalienable rights
• declared that people have the right to abolish
  government that deprives them of unalienable
  rights

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Reactions to Declaration
Section 3 Independence Declared

• Some Patriots celebrated and even destroyed
  British icons.
• Loyalists opposed or ignored the Declaration
  some fled.
• Some Patriots wanted women included in the
  government.

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Army problems
Section 3 Independence Declared

• lack of important supplies, including food,
  clothing, and other necessities
• harsh weather
• disease
• shortage of enlistments

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African Americans
Section 3 Independence Declared

• Some fought for the British to gain freedom.
• Many former slaves fought for Patriots.

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American Indians
Section 3 Independence Declared

• Many supported the British, who promised to
  protect land rights.

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Women
Section 3 Independence Declared

• Some served as spies and messengers a few as
  soldiers.
• Many accompanied troops to work as cooks,
  laundresses, and nurses.
• Others made war materials and kept colonial
  economy going.

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Objectives
Section 4 An American Victory

• What was the importance of the Battles of Trenton
  and Saratoga?
• How did the Patriots defeat the British in the
  West and the South?
• What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?

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Battle of Trenton
Section 4 An American Victory

• first major offensive
• raised American morale

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Battle of Saratoga
Section 4 An American Victory

• encouraged European countries to become U.S.
  allies
• raised American morale

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The West and the South
Section 4 An American Victory

• Small detachments of troops gave Patriots speed
  and flexibility.
• Small-scale attacks allowed Patriots to attack
  more places.
• Guerrilla warfare tactics allowed Patriots to
  take advantage of local geography and to
  destabilize the British.

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The Treaty of Paris
Section 4 An American Victory

• granted the United States independence
• transferred the land from the Atlantic coast west
  to the Mississippi, and from the Great Lakes
  south to Florida, to the Americans
• declared that the Americans should pay any debts
  owed to the British