The American Revolution

1
The American Revolution
2
French and Indian War

• French and British land holdings
• George Washington
• Results
• Americans hope to get rid of British
• British want to impose taxes

3
The Colonies

• Four cities over 10,000 --- Charleston, New
  York, Boston, Philadelphia
• 2 ½ million people in all of Colonies
• Beyond the Colonies the land was mostly
  unexplored wilderness

4

• Discussion ---
• Revolution was from 1760 1775
• John Adams ---
• War was a result of the Revolution

5
Boston was the Hot Spot

• Sons of Liberty --- Boston Tea Party
• England looked upon the Colonies as a rebellious
  child
• Boston Massacre (1770)
• Was it a massacre?
• Gives us cause to rebel

6
No taxation without representation

• Was this our goal?
• Gallon of tea a day to pay 1 tax for the year

7

• 18 April 1775 --- Paul Reveres ride
• 700 British troops marched from Boston to
  Lexington
• Minutemen 1/3 of Colonial militia in New England

8
Showdown at Lexington

• 19 April 1775
• Nobody actually knows who fired first
• 8 Colonists killed, 2 wounded
• 1 British soldier slightly wounded

9
Back to Boston

• 1st British dead occur at Concord Bridge
• 19 mile march back to Boston became a running
  battle
• 73 British killed

10
Bunker Hill

• Actually Breeds Hill
• Israel Putnam Dont fire until you see the
  whites of their eyes.
• 1200 Colonists vs. 2200 British
• Colonists had less than 13 rounds each
• 3 attacks up the hill
• British lost nearly ½ KIA or WIA

11
Continental Congress

• Meet in Philadelphia
• John Adams nominates George Washington to lead
  Colonial troops
• Two weeks after Bunker Hill Washington takes over

12
Guns of Ticonderoga

• Geography Hudson River, Lake Champlain
• Benedict Arnold goes to get cannons
• Joins forces with Ethan Allen and Green Mountain
  Boys
• Take Fort Ticonderoga and its guns
• Henry Knox Commander of Artillery
• 50 cannons to Boston via sled
• British leave Boston victory or defeat?

13
The 14th Colony

• Geography of Canada
• Benedict Arnolds march to Quebec
• Arnold marches through Maine with 1,100 troops
  --- follow Kenebec River 385 through the
  wilderness
• Daniel Morgan broke the trail for Arnold
• Hunger set in --- dogs and leather

14
The 14th Colony

• Another force set out for Fort Ticonderoga, then
  Montreal and then Quebec
• Attack on Montreal was a success but the escaping
  British troops made it to Quebec
• The attack on Quebec failed New Years of 1775
  and Arnold was hit in the leg

15
Declaration of Independence

• Written by Thomas Jefferson
• Approved 4 July 1776
• 9 July Washington has the Declaration read to
  his troops
• 9 July Sons of Liberty pull down a statue of
  George III in New York and melt it down to make
  42,000 musket balls

16
The Opposing Forces

• Largest British Army ever sent overseas was used
  in the American Revolution
• New York was the converging point for the British
  force 9,000 troops from Nova Scotia and 23,000
  troops from England
• Washington had approximately 23,000 troops ---
  2/3 of them militia

17

• Continental Congress did not want Washington to
  have a standing army
• Continental Congress said men could only be
  expected to serve 1 year --- could only be
  expected to give up their liberty for that time

18
Various Artists

• Washingtons army suffered many losses around New
  York --- however the British never capitalized
  and finished off Washington --- key skill of GW
• John Glover and the Marbleheaders --- from
  Marblehead, Mass.
• New York and Hudson River
• Winters off and long term planning of the British

19
Battle of Trenton - 1776

• On Christmas night 2,400 Regulars cross the
  Delaware River, then march 9 miles, some
  barefoot, and attack the Hessian forces at
  Trenton.
• 730 am attack
• 900 POWs

20
The Opposing Forces

• British move into Philadelphia
• Capture of cities vs. capture of the army
• Life in the cities vs. life in the camp (Rocky
  IV)
• Valley Forge 2,500 die of disease and cold
• Sickness and disease killed more than combat

21
Valcour Bay

• Arnold built a small fleet to challenge the
  British forces on Lake Champlain
• A delaying action --- they fight to a draw
  escape to Fort Ticonderoga --- British return to
  Quebec instead of pursuing
• Marquis de Lafayette

22
Battle of Saratoga

• 2 Battles of Freemans Farm
• Washington wins and France comes into the war on
  our side
• Arnold was not given a command but he joined
  anyways. Was very successful in the battle.
• He was wounded again
• If he were killed here he would have been a hero
• Next battle he would be on the British side

23
Arnolds Treason

• Peggy Shippen
• West Point
• John Andre
• The trade

24
Battle of Monmouth

• Largest land battle
• 96 degrees at 900 am --- by the middle of the
  day it was 110 120 degrees.
• Many died of heat
• Last major engagement in the north
• 7-8 of Continental Army was made up of black
  soldiers
• Mary Nadia Molly Ludwig Hayes

25
War on the Frontier

• George Rogers Clark
• Indians spoke up to 4 languages
• Mohawk word for President of the United States
  translates into burner of villages

26
Southern Approach

• Tarleton
• Gates wins at Saratoga, lost at Camden then runs
  away
• Cowpens less than 3,000 men on both sides
• Turns the Revolution around in S. Carolina
• Tarletons forces wiped out --- 110 KIA, 200 WIA
  and 500 POW

27
Yorktown

• We win
• The revolution stays true
• Articles of Confederation