Task 4

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Montana Tech of The University of Montana
Task 4 Conversion of Biomass Resource to
Useful Forms of Energy and Other Products
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Team

• Environmental Engineering
• Anna Carter
• Cameron Clark
• Jonathan Johnstone
• Mary Kunish
• Devin McCarthy
• Keri Petritz
• Safety and Health
• Britney Welsch
• Professional and Technical
• Communications
• Meaghen Kraft
• Yana Robertson

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Outline

• Introduction
• Alternative technologies
• Selected technologies
• Bench-scale design
• Results
• Full-scale design
• Advantages
• Economics
• Safety/Regulations

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Introduction

• Problem 1
• Energy demand gt supply
• Solution develop alternative fuels to supplement
  or replace the current fuel supply

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Introduction

• Problem 2
• Burning of fossil fuels Global Warming
  Depletion of Natural Resources
• Solution offset the need for fossil fuels with
  renewable resources

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Problem Statement

• Develop, evaluate, and demonstrate an efficient,
  economical, and environmentally sound method to
  convert biomass, primarily manure, to a useful
  form of energy.

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Design Criteria

• Design Considerations
• Existing technologies
• Waste products
• Environmental impacts
• Applicability to rural settings
• Ease of use
• Reliability
• Operation and maintenance costs
• Energy efficiency

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Alternative TechnologiesConsidered

• Alcohol fermentation
• Liquefaction
• Anaerobic digestion
• Direct combustion
• Gasification

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Partnership of Organic Powers Innovative
TechnologyWaste-to-Energy Hybrid

• Gasification Direct Combustion
• Reaction occurs in a limited oxygen environment
• Gasification converts biomass into a producer gas
• Produces useful fuels such as methane and
  hydrogen
• Waste production is minimal
• Combustion of charcoal waste products fuel the
  gasification process
• Waste heat is recycled

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Bench-Scale DesignBatch Reactor
Gasifying Chamber
Routing Tube
Propane Intake and Burner
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Bench-Scale Design
Routing Tube
Stirling engine
Stirling Engine and Producer Gas Ignition

• Insulated Bench-Scale

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Bench-Scale Flow Diagram
Gasifier heated by propane stove (430-550C)
Raw biomass
CO2, NO2, H2O, and trace products of incomplete
combustion
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Experimental Results
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Laboratory Analysis

• LHV Low-heating value
• HHV High-heating value

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Energy

• HHV High-heating value
• LHV Low-heating value

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Gas Components
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Full-Scale DesignContinuous Plug-Flow Reactor
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Full-Scale Details

• Design capacity 1,600 kg biomass/day
• 450 cows
• Stirling engine at 80 Combined Heat and Power
  (CHP)
• 36.0 kW (electricity output)
• 60.0 kW (heat output)
• Powers large feedlot (35,000 cows) or about
  26-30 houses

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Design AdvantagesPollution Prevention

• Uses renewable resource
• Minimal waste
• Low energy input
• Waste heat recycled and applied throughout the
  system

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Economics

• Assumptions
• Life of plant 15 years
• Cost of electricity/gas 8/kW-hr

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Safety

• OSHA Regulations
• 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I Personal Protective
  Equipment
• 29 CFR 1910 Subpart L App A Fire Protection
• 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection Programs
• 29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communications
• 29 CFR 1910.38 Emergency Action Plans
• 29 CFR 1910.95 Hearing Conservation

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Guidelines and Regulations

• New Mexico Environment Department
• Title 20, Chapter 2, Part 43 Gasification Plants
• National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
• Facility does not exceed federal or state ambient
  air quality standards
• Construction permit required
• Exempt from Title V operating permits (non-major
  source)

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Conclusion

• Innovative
• Cost effective
• Easy and reliable
• Little waste
• Appropriate for a rural setting
• All safety and environmental regulations are met

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Acknowledgements

• David Hobbs, PhD.
• Kevin Jaansalu, PhD.
• Rodney James, PhD., P.E.
• Jeanne Larson, Lab Director
• Holly Peterson, PhD.
• Mark Peterson, Project Manager
• Dave Ryan, P.E.
• Tech Research Office

• Associated Students of Montana Tech
• Chevron
• Joe Figueira, PhD.
• Mine Waste Technology Program
• Montana Tech Foundation
• Doug Cameron, PhD.
• Gloria Carter
• Butch Gerbrandt, PhD., P.E.

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Questions?