Web 2.0 dalam Penyampaian Perkhidmatan Maklumat

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Web 2.0 dalam Penyampaian Perkhidmatan Maklumat

• Zulkefli Bin Mohd Yusop
• Fakulti Pengurusan Maklumat UiTM

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Introduction Web 2.0

• Inventor of the Web, Sir Tim Berners-Lee was
  asked whether Web 2.0 was different to what might
  be called Web 1.0
  
• "Totally not. Web 1.0 was all about connecting
  people. It was an interactive space, and I think
  Web 2.0 is of course a piece of jargon, nobody
  even knows what it means. If Web 2.0 for you is
  blogs and wikis, then that is people to people.
  But that was what the Web was supposed to be all
  along. And in fact, you know, this 'Web 2.0', it
  means using the standards which have been
  produced by all these people working on Web
  1.0.
• (Laningham (ed.), developerWorks Interviews, 22nd
  August, 2006.)

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Introduction Web 2.0

• Numerous definitions
• The term Web 2.0 was coined in 2004 by Dale
  Dougherty (a vice-president of OReilly Media
  Inc.)
  
• Tim OReilly (the founder of the company)
• What is Web 2.0 Design Patterns and Business
  Models for the Next Generation of Software
  

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Introduction Web 2.0

• Describes seven principles
• The Web as platform, Harnessing collective
  intelligence, Data is the next 'Intel inside',
  End of the software release cycle, Lightweight
  programming models, Software above the level of
  single device, and Rich user experiences.

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What is Web 2.0?

• Web 2.0 encompasses a variety of different
  meanings that include an increased emphasis on
  user generated content, data and content sharing
  and collaborative effort
• It is also together with the use of various kinds
  of social software, new ways of interacting with
  web-based applications, and the use of the web as
  a platform for generating, re-purposing and
  consuming content.

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Web 2.0 Characteristics

• Participation
• Standards
• Decentralization
• Openness
• Modularity
• User Control
• Identity

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Participation

• Every aspect of Web 2.0 is driven by
  participation.
  
• The transition to Web 2.0 was enabled by the
  emergence of platforms such as blogging, social
  networks, and free image and video uploading
  
• These allowed extremely easy content creation and
  sharing by anyone.

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Standards

• Standards provide an essential platform for Web
  2.0
  
• Common interfaces for accessing content and
  applications are the glue that allow integration
  across the many elements of the emergent web

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Decentralization

• Web 2.0 is decentralized in its architecture,
  participation, and usage
  
• Power and flexibility emerges from distributing
  applications and content over many computers and
  systems, rather than maintaining them on
  centralized systems

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Openness

• The world of Web 2.0 has only become possible
  through a spirit of openness whereby developers
  and companies provide open, transparent access to
  their applications and content

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Modularity

• Web 2.0 emerges from many
• Many components or modules that are designed to
  link and integrate with others, together building
  a whole

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User Control

• A primary direction of Web 2.0 is for users to
  control the
  
• content they create
• data captured about their web activities, and
• their identity

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Identity

• Identity is a critical element of both Web 2.0
  and the future direction of the internet
  
• We can choose to represent our identities across
  interactions, virtual worlds, and social
  networks.
  
• We can also own and verify our real identities in
  transactions

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Services/ ApplicationsWeb 2.0

• Blogs
• Wikis
• Content Tagging
• Multimedia Sharing
• Content Syndication (RSS)
• Audio Blogging and Podcasting
• Latest Web 2.0 services applications

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Blogs

• A simple webpage consisting of brief paragraph
  of opinion, information, personal diary entries,
  links (posts), arranged chronologically with the
  most recent first, in the style of an online
  journal.
• (Doctorow et al., 2002)

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Blogs

• The term "weblog" was coined by Jorn Barger on 17
  December 1997.
  
• The short form, "blog," was coined by Peter
  Merholz, who jokingly broke the word WEBLOG into
  the phrase WE BLOG in the sidebar of his blog
  Peterme.com in April or May of 1999.
• This was quickly adopted as both a noun and verb
  ("to blog," meaning "to edit one's weblog or to
  post to one's weblog")

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Blogs

• http//radar.oreilly.com/
• http//www.blogger.com/
• http//wordpress.com/
• http//www.facebook.com

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Wikis

• A webpage or set of webpages that can be easily
  edited by anyone who is allowed access
  
• (Ebersbach et al., 2006)

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Wikis

• Collaborative tool that facilitates the
  production of a group work
  
• It has editing, deleting, history, and rollback
  function features
  
• Self moderation

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Wikis

• http//en.wikipedia.org/
• http//wiki.oss-watch.ac.uk/
• http//www.wikihow.com/
• http//www.twiki.org/
• http//www.wikiineducation.com/

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Content Tagging

• Enables users to create subject headings for the
  object
  
• Allow users to add and change not only content
  (data), but content describing content
  (metadata)
  
• Users could tag the librarys collection and
  participate in the cataloging process

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Multimedia Sharing

• Facilitate the storage and sharing of multimedia
  content
  
• Participate in the sharing and exchange of
  multimedia by producing their own images, audio,
  videos, photos, etc.
  

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Multimedia Sharing

• http//www.flickr.com/
• http//www.fotopages.com/
• http//www.youtube.com/
• http//eyespot.com/
• http//www.videojug.com
• http//www.apple.com/itunes/store/podcasts.html
• http//www.audblog.com

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Content Syndication

• RSS Feeds - provide users a way to syndicate and
  republish content on the web
  
• Libraries are creating RSS Feeds for users to
  subscribe to, including updates on new items in a
  collection, new services, and new content in
  subscription databases

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Audio Blogging and Podcasting

• Efforts to add audio streams to early blogs
• Podcasts are audio recordings, usually in MP3
  format, of talks, interviews and lectures, which
  can be played either on a desktop computer or on
  a wide range of handheld MP3 devices.
• Apple introduced the commercially successful iPod
  MP3 player and its associated iTunes software,
  the process started to become known as podcasting

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Audio Blogging and Podcasting

• A more recent development is the introduction of
  video podcasts (sometimes shortened to vidcast or
  vodcast) the online delivery of video-on-demand
  clips that can be played on a PC, or again on a
  suitable handheld player(the more recent versions
  of the Apple iPod for example, provide for video
  playing)

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Web 2.0 Technologies

• Aggregation
• AJAX
• API
• Embedding
• Folksonomy
• Mashups
• Remixing

• RSS
• Ruby on Rails
• Tag Cloud
• Tagging
• Virtual Architecture
• Widget
• XML

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Aggregation

• Bringing multiple content sources together into
  one interface or application

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AJAX

• (Asynchronous Javascript and XML) A combination
  of technologies that enables highly interactive
  web applications.

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API

• (Application Programming Interface) A defined
  interface to a computer application or database
  that allows access by other applications.

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Embedding

• Integrating content or an application into a web
  page, while the original format is maintained.

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Folksonomy

• Rich categorization of information that is
  collectively created by users, through tagging
  and other actions. (taxonomy)

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Mashups

• Combination of different types of content or
  data, usually from different sources, to create
  something new

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Remixing

• Extracting and combining samples of content to
  create a new output. The term was originally used
  in music but is now also applied to video and
  other content.

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RSS

• (Really Simple Syndication) A group of formats to
  publish (syndicate) content on the internet so
  that users or applications automatically receive
  any updates.

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Ruby on Rails

• An open source web application framework that is
  frequently used in Web 2.0 website development

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Tag cloud

• A visual depiction of tags that have been used to
  describe a piece of content, with higher
  frequency tags emphasized to assist content
  comprehension and navigation.
• Typical tag clouds have between 30 and 150 tags.
  The weights are represented using font sizes or
  other visual clues.

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Tagging

• Attaching descriptions to information or content.

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Virtual architecture

• The creation of avatars (alternative
  representations of people), buildings, objects,
  and other artifacts inside virtual spaces.

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Widget

• Small, portable web application that can be
  embedded into any web page.

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XML

• (eXtensible Markup Language) An open standard for
  describing data, which enables easy exchange of
  information between applications and organizations

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Web 2.0 and Intellectual Property Rights

• Ownership
• Re-use
• Control

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Ownership

• Who "owns" the content when it is collaboratively
  created? The authors? The university? The
  creators of the system?

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Re-Use

• Universities make considerable use of published
  materials in learning and teaching. These
  materials may be in paper or electronic form.
  They include text books, academic papers,
  learning objects and pre-prints.
• When these are used in a Web 2.0 environment they
  may become visible to people outside the
  university, which may breach current licensing
  arrangements, so that they may need to be
  reconsidered.

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Control

• The nature and degree of control that
  universities may wish to exert over content in a
  Web 2.0 environment is, as discussed, problematic
  because there are competing pressures to ensure
  that material is not illegal (eg defamatory or
  contravening IPR), and to support academic freedom

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Web 2.0 Preservation

• One of the key functions of universities has been
  the preservation of information.
  
• Historically this has been done using published
  works and theses retained in a library.

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Web 2.0 Preservation

• What is the authoritative version of an artifact?
  This is especially problematic where many people
  are contributing to it.
  
• At what point does it become something that
  should be preserved?
  
• Should all the changes be preserved too?

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Web 2.0 Preservation

• What is the status of a work?
• If it can always be changed then how can peer
  review (or similar processes) be used to
  determine the works value and authority?
  
• How does preservation relate to the version(s)
  that were peer reviewed?
  
• And what is the scope of any such peer review?

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Web 2.0 Preservation

• How can the content be preserved in a form in
  which it can continue to be accessed?
  
• Technology is changing very fast, and while some
  formats will be usable for a long time (HTML for
  instance)
  
• Others may not be. Will a MySQL database still be
  usable in 20 years on the hardware and operating
  systems available then?

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Conclusion

• Web 2.0 will have profound implications for
  librarians, learners and teachers in formal,
  informal, work-based and lifelong education.
  
• Web 2.0 will affect how library and universities
  go about the business of education, from
  learning, teaching and assessment, through
  contact with school communities, widening
  participation, interfacing with industry, and
  maintaining contact with alumni

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Q A
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Thank you!