Preview

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Expansion and War in the United States

• Preview
• Main Idea / Reading Focus
• Growth of the United States
• Quick Facts Causes and Effects of Westward
  Expansion
• Map Westward Expansion of the United States
• The Civil War
• Faces of History Abraham Lincoln
• Visual Study Guide / Quick Facts
• Video The Impact of the Womens Suffrage Movement

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Expansion and War in the United States
Main Idea As the United States began to expand
west, conflicts erupted over territory and
slavery.

• Reading Focus
• How did the United States expand during the first
  half of the 1800s?
• What issues led to civil war in the United States?

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Growth of the United States
In 1803 the U.S. completed the Louisiana
Purchase during the rest of the century, America
would continue to grow and expand westward.
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• Texas and Mexico
• 1820, Moses Austin got permission from Spain to
  found small settlements in Texas, which was part
  of Mexico
• When Mexico gained independence from Spain,
  strict laws imposed on settlers in Texas
• Settlers fought for, achieved independence for
  Republic of Texas

• Texas Becomes State
• 1845, Texas admitted to union as state
• Mexican government claimed Texas still part of
  Mexico
• Led to Mexican-American War, 1846 to 1848
• United States won the war and gained large
  territory (now the southwestern United States)

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The Move West
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Effects on Native Americans

• Conflict
• Settlers often moved onto land inhabited for
  years by Native Americans
• Frequent conflict between Native Americans and
  settlers
• Some believed solution was to push Native
  Americans further west

• Indian Removal Act
• 1830, Indian Removal Act called for relocation of
  five Indian nations to Indian Territory, part of
  Louisiana Territory in Great Plains
• Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek
  forced from homes

• Cherokee March
• Cherokee march to Indian Territory so deadly it
  became known as Trail of Tears estimated that a
  quarter of those who made trip died
• Subsequent laws moved Native Americans onto
  designated reservations

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Summarize What territories did the United States
acquire between 1803 and 1850?
Answer(s) Louisiana, Texas, Mexican Cession
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The Civil War
As the United States expanded west, the issue of
slavery became a national problem. Many believed
denying freedom to enslaved people was wrong.
Some fought for abolition, or the end of slavery.
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War Begins

• Pro-slavery states seceded from union, set up own
  government, Confederate States of America
• Selected Jefferson Davis as president, drafted
  own constitution
• Lincoln did not believe states had right to
  secede
• Ordered supplies to American fort in Fort Sumter,
  South Carolina
• First shots of Civil War fired at Fort Sumter
• War continued four years
• More than 500,000 soldiers died
• As conflict grew, future of country in balance

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The Emancipation Proclamation

• January 1863, Lincoln issued Emancipation
  Proclamation, declared all slaves free in areas
  of Confederate states not already conquered by
  Union Proclamation helped North in many ways
• Many southern slaves fled to North, which hurt
  Southern economy
• Gave renewed purpose to Union soldiers
• Caused European powers to withdraw support from
  Confederacy

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Effects of the Civil War
After the Civil War much of the South lay in
ruins. Large areas were destroyed, and the
economy was ruined. The final battles had also
damaged railroads, roads, and bridges. Many
Americans wondered how the federal government
would treat the former Confederate states.
Reconstruction did not fully achieve goal of
equal rights, but a foundation was laid for later
civil rights movement in America.
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Contrast In what ways did Reconstruction succeed
and in what ways did it fail?
Answer(s) It succeeded by passing the Civil
Rights Act and the Fourteenth and Fifteenth
Amendments, protecting and extending rights of
African Americans. It failed because southern
states continued to pass discriminatory laws and
prevented many African Americans from making a
decent living.
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VideoThe Impact of the Womens Suffrage Movement
Click above to play the video.