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According to ancient Chinese records, the Shang dynasty formed around 1766 BC, ... Also built huge structures like tombs; created calendar, first money systems ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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1
Chinas First Dynasties
  • Preview
  • Main Idea / Reading Focus
  • Chinas Geography
  • The Shang Dynasty
  • The Zhou Dynasty
  • Map Shang and Zhou Dynasties
  • New Philosophies
  • Faces of History Chinese Philosophers

2
Chinas First Dynasties
  • Preview, continued
  • Visual Study Guide / Quick Facts
  • Video The Impact of Hinduism as a World Religion

3
Chinas First Dynasties
Main Idea Chinas river valley civilizations
built the foundations of a long-shared Chinese
culture. The achievements of the Shang and Zhou
dynasties can be felt to this day.
  • Reading Focus
  • How did Chinas geography affect its early
    civilization?
  • What were the achievements of the Shang dynasty?
  • How did China change during the Zhou dynasty?
  • What new philosophies were introduced in China?

4
Chinas Geography
The development of civilization in early China
was aided by features like long rivers, fertile
soils, temperate climates, and isolated valleys.
5
  • Crops
  • Most of eastern China covered with fertile soils
    some regions better suited than others for
    growing certain crops
  • Southern Chinawarm, receives plenty of rainfall,
    excellent region for growing rice
  • Further northclimate cooler, drier suitable for
    grains, wheat, millet
  • Isolation
  • Combination of rivers for irrigation, fertile
    soil for planting allowed Chinese to thrive, as
    did Chinas relative isolation
  • Mountains, hills, desert protected China from
    invasion
  • Himalaya Mountains separate southern China from
    India, rest of southern Asia vast Gobi Desert
    prevented reaching China from west

6
Chinas Geography
7
Summarize What geographic features influenced
life in early China?
Answer(s) Rivers deposited rich soil for
farming mountains, hills, and desert isolated
the area.
8
The Shang Dynasty
According to ancient Chinese records, the Shang
dynasty formed around 1766 BC, although many
archaeologists believe it actually began somewhat
later than that.
9
Shang Elite
  • Leisure
  • Ruling elite had free time to pursue leisure
    activities, hunting for sport
  • Wealthy enjoyed collecting expensive bronze, jade
    objects
  • Artifacts
  • Much of what is known comes from studying royal
    tombs
  • Contained valuable items made of bronze, jade
  • Afterlife
  • Tombs held remains of sacrificed prisoners of war
  • Believed in afterlife where ruler would need
    riches, servants
  • Ancestor Worship
  • Shang offered gifts to deceased ancestors to keep
    them happy in afterlife
  • Steam from ritual meals nourished ancestors
    spirits

10
Oracle Bones
  • As part of worship, Shang asked ancestors for
    advice
  • Sought advice through use of oracle bones
  • Inscribed bits of animal bone, turtle shell
  • Living person asked question of ancestor
  • Hot piece of metal applied to oracle bone
    resulting in cracks on bones surface
  • Specially trained priests interpreted meaning of
    cracks to learn answer

11
Shang Achievements and Decline
  • Writing
  • Development of Chinese writing closely tied to
    use of oracle bones
  • Earliest examples of Chinese writing, questions
    written on bones themselves
  • Early Shang texts used picture symbols to
    represent objects, ideas
  • Bronze
  • Shang religion led to great advances in working
    with bronze
  • Highly decorative bronze vessels, objects created
    for religious rituals
  • Also built huge structures like tombs created
    calendar, first money systems
  • End of Dynasty
  • Shang ruled for more than 600 years, until about
    1100 BC
  • Ruling Chinas growing population proved too much
    for Shang
  • Armies from nearby tribe, Zhou, invaded,
    established new ruling dynasty

12
Summarize How did religion influence other
aspects of Shang culture?
Answer(s) ritual meals for ancestors oracle
bones connected to early writing bronze work for
rituals built stable tombs
13
The Zhou Dynasty
Beginning around 1100 BC, the Zhou rules China
for several centuries. The Zhou dynasty is
divided into two periods. During the Western
Zhou, kings ruled from Xian in a peaceful period.
Later conflict arose, kings moved east to
Luoyang, beginning the Eastern Zhou period.
In that case, they said, it was the will of the
gods that that dynasty be overthrown and a new
one take power.
14
Zhou Achievements
  • Before Zhou, Chinese metalwork done almost
    exclusively in bronze
  • Zhou learned to use iron, became backbone of
    economy
  • Iron was strong, could be cast more cheaply,
    quickly than bronze
  • Iron weapons strengthened Zhou army, as did new
    weapons like catapult and creation of Chinas
    first cavalry

15
Small States Fight
  • Result of rebellions was Warring States Period
  • 403 BC to 221 BC, number of small states fought
    each other for land, power
  • Zhou still nominally in charge, but power almost
    nonexistent by mid-200s BC
  • Qin, new dynasty, arose to bring end to Warring
    States Period, Zhou dynasty

16
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17
Analyze How did China change under the Zhou?
Answer(s) iron technology, population grew, new
farm techniques, more food, cities grew, roads
and canals built, coins and chopsticks introduced
18
New Philosophies
The conflicts of the late Zhou period led many
Chinese thinkers to question the nature of
society and peoples roles in it.
19
Confucianism
  • Confucius
  • Confucianism based on teachings of scholar named
    Kongfuzi, better known as Confucius, who thought
    people should treat one another humanely
  • Should express love, respect for others, honor
    ones ancestors
  • Love and Respect
  • Believed that love, respect had disappeared and
    was responsible for violence in society
    restoring respect for tradition would make
    society stable
  • Thoughts on how to improve society collected in
    book, Analects
  • Analects
  • Ruler should treat subjects fairly subjects
    reward ruler with respect, loyalty
  • People should respect members of family, devote
    selves to public service
  • Confucian ideas spread elsewhere in Asia,
    including Korea, Japan, Vietnam

20
Daoism
21
Some Lasting Effects
  • Daoism eventually proved less influential than
    Confucianism in Chinese history
  • Still played major role in later dynasties
  • Idea of balance key concept in China for
    centuries as result of Daoist teaching
  • Daoist philosophy led many followers to work for
    preservation, protection of natural environment

22
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23
Contrast What is one difference between
Confucianism and Daoism?
Answer(s) Daoismretreat from society and
commune with nature Confucianismimprove society
24
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27
VideoThe Impact of Hinduism as a World Religion
Click above to play the video.
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