Intelligence Community

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Intelligence Community
CIA only one (small) element of the
community Total budget is secret --- believed to
be about 30 billion in 2001 --- largest
proportion goes to Defense Department DCI
(Director of Central Intelligence) --- by statute
the Director of the CIA Why central? --- Pearl
Harbor
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Intelligence Community
Mission is to collect and interpret information,
overcoming in the process and barriers to keep
secret the activities, capabilities and plans of
foreign powers or organizations --
collection -- analysis -- counter-intelligence An
d covert action?
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Intelligence Community

• We can dispose of several smaller members of IC
• Energy (counter-intelligence on nuclear weapons)
  Wen Ho Lee
• Treasury (technical, financial and money
• State (INR)
• The inter-agency process and all source
  intelligence
• --- each agency has independent capability
• --- but not usually for collection

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Intelligence Community
Defense Department Uniformed Services
Army Airforce Navy Marines
Focus on tactical military intelligence
necessary To carry out military
operations Conflict between tactical and
strategic needs
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Intelligence Community
Office of Secretary of Defense --- DIA
(1961) Does have collection capability ---
military attachés overseas --- runs limited agent
operations --- has primary CI responsibilities
within DoD --- owns some platforms
(drones) Checkered history --- Vietnam, Soviet
capabilities and intentions Not a major player
until Gulf War, Bosnia
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Intelligence Community
Defense Department The National Security Agency
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Intelligence Community
NSA (No such agency) founded in 1952 --- Fort
Meade, MD --- largest component of the Community
in terms of money and personnel --- Headed
by uniformed officer and civilian deputy Lt. Gen.
Michael Hayden (USAF) 2 major functions --- make
codes (INFOSEC) --- break codes (SIGINT and
COMMINT)
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Memorial to 152 US Cryptologists 1946-2001
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National Security Agency
Cryptology
History Black Chamber and Secretaries of
State Purple and Pearl Harbor Bletchley Park and
Enigma VENONA
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National Security Agency
Cryptology
History Black Chamber and Secretaries of
State Purple and Pearl Harbor Bletchley Park and
Enigma VENONA
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National Security Agency
Cryptology
History Black Chamber and Secretaries of
State Purple and Pearl Harbor Bletchley Park and
Enigma VENONA
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National Security Agency
Analysis --- cryptography --- political and
economic analysis Collection --- uses DoD
assets airplanes, submarines and
satellites --- obtaining other peoples
codes 1950s 1960 and new technologies
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National Security Agency
Operation Gold Undersea exploits and the great
Soviet taps Glomar Explorer (CIA
Ops) GUPPY Nanda Devi Liaison Lop Nor 1971,
ECHELON
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National Security Agency
Major ears --- Bad Aibling --- West
Virginia --- Ellensburg/Yakima (Petaluma and 2
Trees) --- Okinawa Minor ears --- US
Embassies --- Incirlik --- Indy Station
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National Security Agency
Merger of Twin Technologies --- Collection
(Satellites) --- Analysis (Computers) CRAY and
other super computers Filters, keywords and
other unknowns
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National Security Agency
US has overwhelming advantage in technology ---
US,UK, AUS, CAN and NZ SIGINT Radar, telemetry,
microwave COMMINT telephone, telegraph, radio
and TV, fax, email Focus is
on strategic intelligence
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National Reconnaisance Office
Defense Department, like the NSA --- staffed by
DoD and CIA personnel Designs, builds and
operates US reconnaisance satellites Existence
declassified in 1992 Chantilly, VA
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National Imagery and Mapping Agency
Defense Department Secret until 1996 NPIC and
Defense mapping Agency The Folks who (helped)
bring you the Chinese Embassy bombing in Belgrade
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NRO
NPIC --- Cuban Missile Crisis CORONA KH-4 KH-9 Th
e breakthough KH-11 Current capabilities ---
LaCrosse --- multi-spectrum imaging
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NRO
Efforts to declassify Current resolutions
(Hubble) Commercial resolutions
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Federal Bureau of Investigation
Primary agency for Counter-intelligence Runs
agent operations Has increasing overseas
presence --- Moscow Has increasing overseas law
enforcement --- Dar es Salaam, Nairobi
bombings --- USS Cole UNIQUE LAW ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY
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Central Intelligence Agency
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CIA
Mission Statement
To provide accurate, comprehensive, and timely
foreign intelligence on national security
topics To conduct counterintelligence
activities, special activities, and other
functions related to foreign intelligence and
national security, as directed by the President.
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CIA
Founded in 1947 Successor of the OSS (Office
Strategic Services) --- The Donovan heritage ---
sabotage and dirty tricks --- SOE and
MI-6 Hillenkoetters problems with
Truman French and Italian covert actions
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William Wild Bill Donovan
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CIA

• Langley, VA
• Budget and personnel about the size of the State
  Dept
• --- 3.4 billion
• --- 9,000
• Divided into 4 main directorates
• DDP (Plans)
• DDI (Analysis)
• ST (Science and Technology)
• ADMIN (Administration)

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CIA
Firewall between intelligence and
policy Influence depends on relationship to
President Political vs non political
appointments Dulles (Eisenhower and
Kennedy) Helms (Nixon) Colby Turner Casey Woolsey
Webster George Tenant
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CIA
President is primary consumer --- National
Security Council Product disseminated through
government --- State, DoD, Treasury, and other
national security users Supposed to play
coordinating and supervisory role
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CIA
DDP (previously the DDO) Primary agency for
espionage Has large overseas presence Primary
lead for covert operations
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CIA
DDI Analysis and the NIO System Inter-agency
review and coordination May report independently
to President
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CIA
ST Inventors of technology from cell phones to
computers and digital communication Relations
hip with private sector Analysis of technical
issues
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CIA
ADMN Support staff Communications Finance Forgery
and disguise Oversight of 100 stations around
the world Support of NOC
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Intelligence Community
Firewall between intelligence and
policy Influence and relevance of the IC