TriService Conference

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Army In Europe Explosives Safety

• Tri-Service Conference
• 11-15 February 2008
• Tom Taylor

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Movie Time
Explosive Loss Prevention
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Session V Expl Loss Prevention.mpg ARMY
EXPLOSIVES SAFETY SITE PLANNING
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Purpose

• Obtain required DoD authorization for AE
  operation
• Document locations with an ammunition and
  explosives (AE) mission
• Provide description of the AE operation and the
  authorized level of net explosives weight (NEW)
  allowed at the site

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Army Explosive Safety Site Planning

• When is a site plan request required?
• Construction of new PES or ES.
• Changes that increase the explosive hazard
• --facility modification.
• --mission.
• --operation.

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Army Explosive Safety Site Planning

• Types of site planning requests
• Preliminary site plan
• Final safety submission
• - Both must be accomplished before
  construction begins.
• - Both may be accomplished with single
  submission for routine
  construction, i.e., preapproved magazine design.

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Army Explosive Safety Site Planning

• Preliminary site plan
• - Reserves the land.
• - Assures compliance with ESQD criteria.
• - Assure compliance with installation master
  plan.
• Final Safety Submission
• - Gains final approval for the project.
• - Provides specific construction/safety details.

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Army Explosive Safety Site Planning
Documentation paperwork flow
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Army Explosive Safety Site Planning

• All site planning documentation becomes
  permanent part of installation record.
• Installation must maintain maps showing all
  PESs, IBD arcs, PES generating the arc.
• USAREUR recommends every Safety Office in the COC
  that reviews and concurs with the plan to retain
  a copy of the site plan along with the maps.

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DA Pam 385-65

• Army Pamphlet that guides in development and
  submission of explosives site plans.
• Replaces USATCES informal Site Plan Development
  Guide dated Feb 2006.

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Hazard Class Division

• Make identifying hazard characteristics easier
  and thus aid in promoting safe storage and
  transport of ammunition and explosives.
• DoD and NATO uses the international system of
  classification devised by the United Nations (UN)
  for transport of dangerous goods.
• UN classification system consists of nine hazard
  classes, two of which contain most ammunition and
  explosives (Classes 1 and 6).

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Hazard Class 1

• Class 1 is divided into divisions that indicate
  the character and predominance of the associated
  hazards
• 1.1 Mass Detonating
• 1.2 Non-Mass Detonating Fragment Producing
• 1.3 Mass Fire
• 1.4 Moderate Fire No Blast
• 1.5 Extremely Insensitive Detonating Substances
• 1.6 Extremely Insensitive Ammunitions

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Degree of Protection

• The degree of protection or permissible exposure
  to various exposed sites (ES) from potential
  explosion sites (PES) is critical in determining
  the correct application of quantity distance
  standards.
• The degree of protection or type of distance
  must be ascertained for each exposed site (ES).

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DoD Types of Distance Relationships

• IBD - Inhabited Building Distance
• PTRD - Public Traffic Route Distance
• ILD - Intraline Distance
• IMD - Intermagazine Distance (also known as MAG
  for Magazine Distance)

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NATO Types of Distance Relationships

• Exterior QD
• IBD - Inhabited Building Distance
• PTRD - Public Traffic Route Distance
• Interior QD
• EWD Explosive Workshop Distance
• IMD - Intermagazine Distance (also known as MAG
  for Magazine Distance)

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Types of Distances

• These four distances range from the greatest
  level of protection (greatest distance) of IBD to
  the least amount of protection (shortest
  distance) of Magazine Distance. People are more
  important than magazines!
• Separation requirements equate to allowable
  overpressures (psi) for HD 1.1 material which is
  expressed mathematically by the formula.

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DoD Formula
d KW1/3
d distance in feet K a factor depending on
the risk permitted or assumed (the lower the
factor, the greater the acceptance of damage)
W1/3 cube root of the net explosives weight
(NEW) in pounds
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NATO Formula
d KQ1/3
d distance in meters K a factor depending on
the risk permitted or assumed (the lower the
factor, the greater the acceptance of damage)
W1/3 cube root of the net explosives quantity
(NEQ) in kilograms
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DoD Permissible Exposures
K-factors Type of Distance
1.25 - 11 Magazine Distance 9 -
18 Intraline Distance 24 - 30 Public
Traffic Route 40 - 50 Inhabited Building
Distance
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NATO Permissible Exposures
Q-factors Type of Distance
.35 4.8 Magazine Distance 7.2, 8.0,
9.6 Explosive Workshop Distance 9.3, 12, 14.8
Public Traffic Route 14, 18, 22.2 Inhabited
Building Distance
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Quantity Distance (QD) Problems

• QD problems involve two basic questions -
• Known quantity, unknown distance
• Known distance, unknown quantity

50,000 lbs. 1.1
D ?
AGM
D ?
AGM
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Information Required

• Type distance (IBD, PTRD )
• Type material (1.1, 1.2.1 )
• Quantity of explosives (NEW)
• Distance separation (from PES to ES)

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Solution using DoD 6055.9-STD
50,000 lbs. 1.1
1/3
IBD K40
AGM
D 1474 feet
50,000 lbs. 1.1
PTR D 60 of IBD
AGM
D 884 feet
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Solution using NATO AASTP-1
22,679 kgs. 1.1
1/3
IBD Q22.2
AGM
D 650 meters
22,679 kgs. 1.1
1/3
PTR D Q14.8
AGM
D 435 meters
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Closer Comparison of Solutionsfrom Tables (US)
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Closer Comparison of Solutionsfrom Tables
(Metric)
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The Procedure to Drawing ESQD Arcs
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ECM HD 1.1 50,000 pounds
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ECM HD 1.1 50,000 pounds
1,289
1,289
1,250
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ECM HD 1.1 50,000 pounds
1,289
1,289
1,250
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ECM HD 1.1 50,000 pounds
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Vulnerable Targets and Public Importance (NATO)

• Facilities of special construction requires
  greater protection than the normal NATO IBD.
  Facilities include
• - Schools - Railway Stations
• - Hospitals - Airport Terminals?
• - Sport Stadiums - Public Fairs?
• Apply Q44.4 1/3 from Open Stacks and Q33.3 1/3
  from Light Structures.

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THE END

• THE END