CPU Development

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CPU Development

• Fung Him Yu
• Yuen Kwok Wing
• Wong Ka Yuk

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Content

• What is CPU? (CU ALU)
• Functions of CPU
• History
• Types of CPU Interfaces
• CPU Producer
• How to Install a CPU?

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What is CPU?

• The computer will not run without a CPU. The CPU
  is often referred to as the brains of a computer.
  On the motherboard, the CPU is contained on a
  single integrated circuit called the
  microprocessor. The CPU contains two basic
  components, a Control Unit and an
  Arithmetic/Logical Unit (ALU).

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Control Unit

• A control unit instructs the computer system on
  how to follow the program instructions. -directs
  the movement of data to and from processor
  memory. -temporarily holds data, instructions,
  and processed information in its arithmetic/logic
  unit. -directs control signals between the CPU
  and external devices such as hard disks, main
  memory, and I/O ports.

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Arithmetic/Logic Unit

• The Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) performs both
  arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic
  operations are fundamental math operations like
  addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
  division. Logical operations such as the AND, OR,
  and XOR are used to make comparisons and
  decisions. Logical operations determine how a
  program is executed.

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Functions of CPU

• CPU not only controls the functions of the
  computer, but also handles requests from many
  input and output devices. Computers appear to
  handle multiple requests at the same time. But,
  the CPU is only capable of handling one request
  at a time.

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History

• In 1978 , Intel had produced 16-bit
  microprocessor , and named as i8086. The
  instruction set this product used is so called
  x86 instruction set. From that onwards, Intel
  continued to produce faster and more advanced
  CPUs, which also support the original x86
  instruction set. And thus they are also called
  The x86 series.

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Types of CPU interfaces

• Two main types of CPU interfaces- the socket
  type and the slot type
• Socket 7 has been the standard interface, It is
  the only interface used by at least one
  generation of Intel Pentium processors, Pentium
  I, as well as AMD and Cyrix chips.
• For Intel P24T, P24D, 80486DX4,
  80486DX2/DX/SX-SL, 80486DX2/DX/SX, AMD
  AM486DX4/DX2/DX, Cyrix CX486DX2/DX/S, and 5X86,
  attach to the motherboard by means of a specially
  designed socket, commonly called socket 3.

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• Slot typeSlot 1 and Slot A
• Slot 1Slot 1 is a CPU interface completely
  different from Socket7. Slot 1 is a slot with 242
  pin, and can perfectly fit Pentium II, which is
  produced with the SEC ( Single Edge Contact )
  technology. It supports the following CPUs Intel
  Pentium ? ? Pentium ? ? Celeron Celeron A
  series.
• Slot AThe slot decided for AMD K7 CPUs is called
  Slot A .Though it looks the same as Intel Slot
  1, they are not compatible with each other.

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• Starting from1981 when personal computer first
  became popular, CPUs have also undergo several
  generations of development
• 1st Gen. 8086?8088?AT/XT2nd Gen. 802863rd Gen.
  803864th Gen. 804865th Gen. Pentium?Pentium
  MMX?AMD K5/K6?Cyrix 6x86 MX6th Gen. Pentium
  Pro?Pentium ??Celeron?AMD K6-2?Cyrix
  M2?IDTWinChip/WinChip-27th Gen. Intel Merced?AMD
  K7?IDT WinChip-38th Gen. Pentium III? AMD
  Duron9th Gen. Pentium 4?AMD XP?AMD64

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CPU Producers

• Today, there are mainly 2 companies which get
  most of the market in the world.
• They are

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Intel

• Recently, a new CPU concept has been announced.
  It is called Intel Xeon.
• The latest Intel Xeon 3.20 GHz with 2MB cache and
  533 MHz system bus for servers and workstations
  delivers greater compute power at value and
  versatility for departmental servers, Internet
  infrastructure, mail server Small Medium
  Business (SMB) server applications.

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AMD

• AMD Athlon 64 is the least released from AMD.
• The AMD Athlon 64 processor is the first and only
  Windows-compatible 64-bit PC processor. The AMD
  Athlon 64 processor runs on AMD64, a
  revolutionary technology that allows the
  processor to run 32-bit applications at full
  speed while enabling a new generation of powerful
  64-bit software applications. Advanced 64-bit
  operating systems for the AMD64 platform from
  Microsoft, Red Hat, SuSE, and TurboLinux have
  already been announced, and they only run on
  processors with AMD64 technology.

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How to install a CPU?Step 1

• Step 1
• First, turn over the chip and inspect the pins to
  make sure that none are damaged. All pins should
  stick straight out

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Step 2

• Position the chip by locating pin 1 on both the
  chip and the socket. Notice that the chip is
  always marked at pin 1. The mark might be a
  little different for different chips. On the
  socket itself, pin 1 is commonly identified by a
  notch on one corner, a big "1" or sometimes an
  arrow on the motherboard pointing to that
  particular corner of the socket. As always,
  consult the motherboard manual for additional
  guidance. Align pin 1 on the chip with pin 1 on
  the socket for a correct installation.

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Step 3

• After positioning the chip, open the ZIF socket.
  Shift the lever slightly away from the socket,
  from its default closed position and raise it to
  the open position. Do this with great care to
  avoid breaking the lever. A little resistance on
  the way up is normal. When fully raised, the top
  part of the ZIF socket will slide over.

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Step 4

• With the socket open, it is time to insert the
  processor. Aligning pin 1 according to the
  orientation that was determined in Step 2. Insert
  the processor chip into the socket so that all of
  the pins slide into the matching holes.
  Generally, the chip can go in only one way. Avoid
  forcing the processor into the socket as the pins
  can be damaged.

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Step 5

• Check to make sure that there is no gap between
  the bottom of the CPU chip and the socket. If
  there is a gap, then the processor chip needs to
  be reinserted.

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Step 6

• Finally, to secure the installed chip, push the
  lever gently back down to the closed position. A
  little resistance may be felt, but the lever and
  ZIF socket should close fairly easy.

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The End

• Thanks