Work in the 21st Century

1
Chapter 2

• Work in the 21st Century
• October 2nd, 2000

2
The Trends

• Globalization
• Diversity
• Technology
• Focus on Quality
• Ethics

3
Globalization A definition

• The process of interconnecting the worlds
  people with respect to the culture, economic,
  political, technological and environmental
  aspects of their lives (p. 35)

4
Globalization

• Foreign Investment in Canada
• 13.6 billion (1960) to 180.4 billion (1996)
• Canadian Investment abroad
• 2.6 billion (1960) to 170.8 billion (1996)
• Exponential Growth in International Trade
• Technology lowered transportation costs
• Less restrictive trade regulations
• New and expanding markets opening up
• Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
• Economic Interdependence
• Cultural Homogenization

5
Globalization - Adapting to New Cultures

• The Process
• Month 1 Optimism and Excitement
• Months 2-5 Frustration and Confusion Culture
  Shock
• Month 6 Understand and Accept New Culture
• Convergence versus divergence
• Hofstedes Dimensions of Culture
• Individualism versus Collectivism
• Power distance
• Uncertainty avoidance
• Masculinity/feminity

6
Diversification

• Canadas Mosaic vs. the U.S. Melting Pot
• The Drivers
• Women in the workforce
• Immigration and ethnic diversity
• Older workforce (baby boom and sandwich
  generations)
• Strategies
• Diversity training
• Flexible work arrangements
• Support facilities

7
New Organizational Structures

• Leaner organizations downsizing and outsourcing
• Increased percentage of contingent workers
• The Virtual Organization
• Telecommuting

8
The Quality Revolution

• Total Quality Management (TQM)
• Focus on core competencies
• International Standards Organization (ISO)
• Six Sigma (General Electric) 3.4 defects per
  million
• Business Process Reengineering (Michael Hammer)

9
Ethics in Management

• Why does unethical behavior occur?
• Societal norms versus organizational counternorms
• Bottom-line exploitative Madison Avenue
  mentalities
• How can good ethics be promoted?
• Code of Ethics
• Ethics Audit