Energy in the Cell

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Energy in the Cell

• Photosynthesis (chap. 6)
• Cellular Respiration (Chap. 7)

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ENERGY

• Energy is neither created or destroyed, only
  transferred.

3
The Sun
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The Ultimate source of energy

• We get our energy from the sun.
• The energy from the sun is captured and stored in
  glucose by the process known as

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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Energy Relationships

• Basic source of energy for many living organisms
• Glucose
• C6 H12 O6
• Energy is stored in the chemical bonds.

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The Ultimate source of energy

• We release energy through the process of

Cellular RESPIRATION
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Energy and Organisms

• Autotroph
• An organism that can combine inorganic molecules
  into organic molecules for energy.
• Examples

Trees Algae bacteria
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Autotrophs
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Energy and Organisms

• Heterotrophs
• Organisms that are unable to make their own
  energy molecules.
• Examples

Humans Amoebas caterpillars
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Heterotroph examples
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Energy in the Cell

• ATP
• Adenosine triphosphate
• Stores and transports energy held in its bonds,
  releasing it in controlled amounts to meet cell
  needs.

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• Stores and releases energy by adding or removing
  a phosphate.

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Energy in the Cell
Three Types of ATP AMP low energy 1
phosphate ADP higher energy 2 phosphates ATP
highest energy 3 phosphates
ADP P energy ? ATP Energy
Absorbed
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Its chemically complicated!!
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Photosynthesis

• The process by which autotrophs trap light energy
  and convert it to chemical energy.

• Takes place in the organelle called the
  chloroplast.

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Lets Draw the Chloroplast
DNA
Outer Membrane
Ribosomes
Chlorophyll
Inner Membrane
Thylakoid
Stroma
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Pigments in the Plastids

• Chlorophyll most abundant
• Two types a b
• Collect different wave lengths

• Carotenoids Oranges, yellows
• Phycobilins - Reds, purples
• Xanthrophylls - Browns, yellows

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Simple Equation

• Chlorophyll
• 6 CO2 6 H2O C6 H12O6 6 O2
• Carbon Dioxide water? glucose oxygen

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Photosynthesis works in 2 stages.
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Stages of Photosynthesis

• Stage 1 - Light Reactions
• The suns energy is
• converted into chemical
• Energy in the form of ATP
• and Electrons.

Light Energy
O2 ATP NADPH2
Light Reaction
H2O
Thylakoid membranes involved
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Stages of Photosynthesis

• Stage 2 The Calvin Cycle
• Sometimes called the Dark Reaction

• Where - Stroma
• What happens - An enzyme adds the Carbon to a
  molecule and fixes to make glucose.

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Stages of Photosynthesis

• Calvin Cycle

Calvin Cycle
C6H12O6
CO2
Energy is used called ATP NADPH2