Enabling Global Open Access through Collaboration

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Enabling Global Open Access through Collaboration
Leslie Chan International StudiesNew Media
studies University of Toronto at Scarborough
Opening Doors, Open Minds - The Open Access
Movement Special Libraries Association Washington,
DC Chapter April 6, 2006
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Agenda

• Motivations for OA
• International Initiatives
• The Dual Road to OA
• Institutional Repositories - Current Status
• Open Access Journals - Bioline International as a
  case study
• Roles of Libraries in the Global OA Movement

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Why Open Access?

• Open Access is intended to improve research
  access, thereby maximizing research impact
• Equalize the north-south flow of knowledge,
  thereby creating a truly global knowledge commons

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Opportunities ?
The countries that move early to build a 21st
century Research Communications System
harnessing the full power of open access will
be the leaders in building tomorrows knowledge
economies and innovative societies Arthur J.
Carty National Science Advisor to the Prime
Minister, Canada International Association of
Technological University Librarie, Quebec 31 May
2005
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Challenges ?
African countries need to have in place
appropriate mechanisms and infrastructure for
training and exploitation of knowledge. This will
enable them to make meaningful evidence-based
policy, in order adequately to address local
needs and participate in the international
community on science and technology
issues. Network of the African Science
Academies and the science academies from the G8
countries (2005) http//www.scidev.net/pdffiles/jo
intstatement.pdf
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Paradox of RD and Scholarly Communications

• Emphasis on generation of research - lack of
  attention to its dissemination, even less
  attention on preservation and stewardship
• Publicly funded research results privately owned
• Eagerness to translate university research into
  marketable products
• Growing enclosure of the knowledge commons

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Open Access ?

• Scholarly literature that are freely available
  online
• Primarily peer-reviewed journal publications
• Directed at publicly funded research
• Free from price barrier
• Free from permission barrier
• Free to copy and reuse
• Free to distribute

• But who pays?

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Government and other funding bodies

Commercial Publishers

Primary Content
Value-added Content
Universities and Researchers
From a closed loop
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Government and other funding bodies

Commercial Publishers

Primary Content
Value-added Content

Universities and Researchers
Libraries
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Government and other funding bodies

Commercial Publishers

Primary Content
Value-added Content

Universities and Researchers
Libraries
Open Access Archives
Open Access Journals
Value-added service
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Government and other funding bodies

Commercial Publishers

Primary Content
Value-added Content
Universities and Researchers
From a closed loopto a open circle


Libraries
Open Access Archives
Open Access Journals
Value-added service
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Other problems

• Data, information, knowledge highly fragmented
• High cost of research literature
• Divergence of information systems
• Lost of digital information
• Indigenous knowledge systems poorly represented -
  lost science

• Lost of research impact worldwide and
• Incomplete view of science and scholarship

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Added benefits of OA

• Increase citation impact and hence return on
  investment
• Raise institutional prestige
• New usage of research results
• Promote collaboration and broaden participation
• Enable new service and business models
• Enhance public subsidies

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International Initiatives

• Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002)
• Berlin Declaration on Open Access (2003)
• World Summit on the Information Society, Geneva
  (2003) Principles and Plan of Actions Tunis
  Commitment, Tunisia (2005)
• OECD Ministerial Declaration on Access to
  Research Data (2004)
• IFLA Statement on Open Access (2004)
• Funding agencies moving towards open access
  policies
• Wellcome Trust (UK)
• RCUK (UK)
• NIH (US)
• SSHRC (Canada)
• German Research Council
• Salvador Declaration on Open Access the
  developing world perspective (Sept. 2005)

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Most recent developments

• European Commission
• Economic and Technical Evolution of the
  Scientific Publication Markets in Europe (April,
  2006)
• Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR)
• Committee to draft OA policy on publicly funded
  health research in Canada (April 2006)

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Recent OA Meetings

• Open Access for Developing Countries, 9th
  International Congress on Medical Librarianship,
  20-23 September 2005, Salvador, Brazil
• http//www.icml9.org/meetings/openaccess/public/do
  cuments/declaration.htm
• International Conference on Strategies and
  Policies on Open Access to Scientific
  Information, Beijing, China (2005)
• Workshops on Open Access Repositories, MS
  Swamanathan Research Foundation, Chennai, India,
  2003
• OSI organized workshops in S. Africa (2003),
  Ukraine (2005), Lithuania (2005)
• Series of OAI meeting in Geneva and Berlin
  meetings

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How to provide Open Access?
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• Budapest Open Access InitiativeBOAI

• Recommends two complementary strategies to open
  access
• 1. Publish in Open Access Journals
• 2. Publish in conventional journal and
  Self-Archive a copy of the published paper in
  ones institutional archive

• There are variations and hybrid approaches to the
  above

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Implementing the dual open-access
strategiesGold and Green

• Open-Access Institutional Self-Archiving
• (OAA) (BOAI-2)

• Open-Access Journals
• (OAJ) (BOAI-1)

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Implementing the dual open-access
strategiesGold and Green
But worldwide, only 18 (4000/22000) of
peer-reviewed journals are Open Access. The
remaining 72 are still toll access.

• Open-Access Publishing
• (OAJ) (BOAI-1)
• Create or Convert to open-access journals
• Ensure contents are accessible
• Persuade funding bodies to support open access
  journals
• Encourage authors to submit to OA journals

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Implementing the dual open-access
strategiesGold and Green

• Open-Access Institutional Self-Archiving
• (OAA) (BOAI-2)
• Scientific bodies, research and HE institutions
  to set up digital repositories and collect papers
  from their members .
• Encourage researchers to deposit their paper as a
  matter of course

• Open-Access Publishing
• (OAJ) (BOAI-1)
• Create or Convert to open-access journals
• Ensure contents are accessible
• Persuade funding bodies to support open access
  journals
• Encourage authors to submit to OA journals

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Open Access Literature
Non-Open Access Literature
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Open Access Literature
Non-Open Access Literature
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Open Access Literature
Non-Open Access Literature
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Open Access Literature
Non-Open Access Literature
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Open Access Literature
Non-Open Access Literature
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Open Access Literature
Non-Open Access Literature
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Open Access Literature
Non-Open Access Literature
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How many authors are self-archiving?
Study on open access publishing funded by UK
JISC (Joint Information Systems Committee) (Key
Perspective Ltd. Feb 2004)
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Top 10 countries with the most registered archives
Data from the Registry of Open Access
Repositories, March 30, 06
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Warm and Hot Spots of Open Access
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Brazil

• SciELO
• IBICT (Brazilian Institute of Information on
  Science and Technology) Instituto Brasileiro de
  Informacao em Ciencia e Tecnologia

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India

• IAS
• INSA
• IISc
• MedKnow
• Medler Centre

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Part 2 Bioline International
http//www.bioline.org.br
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Core Partners
EPT, UK
UT, Canada
CRIA, Brazil
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Funding Support

• University of Toronto Libraries
• Department of Social Sciences, U of T at
  Scarborough
• Open Society Institute. Information Access Program

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What is Bioline International?

• Electronic aggregator of full text journals from
  developing countries
• OAI data provider
• Development project - using open source software
  and open standards
• Aims to influence scholarly communication
  practices and access to research literature
• Will open access improve the visibility and
  impact of journals from developing countries?

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Journals from developing world
Limited circulation
Poor visibility and readership
Fewer authors and subscriptions
Circle oflimitedaccessibility
Limited recognition Fewer citations
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Why Bioline International?

• Publications from developing countries are poorly
  represented in the big deal
• Making the lost science visible
• Bridging the South-North knowledge gap
• Better understanding of global science

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Increased visibility

• Traditional directories and indexes ( e.g.
  EBSCOs A-Z service, Ulrichs Serials Directory)
• Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ), African
  Journal Online (AJOL), Virtual Health Library of
  Latin America and Caribbean (BRIME), ISI Web
  Content
• Accessibility from library catalogs through
  OpenURL
• Soon accessible through HINARI and AGORA
• OAI compliant search services (e.g. Oaister,
  Google, Scirus)

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Journal of Postgraduate Medicine

• Quarterly journal
• Print circulation lt400
• Limited to school
• Paid subscription lt50
• Majority from India
• 50-80 articles published / year

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www.jpgmonline.com
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Making more accessible
JPGM at Bioline
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JPGM at OAI server
Archived at multiple places
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JPGM at PubMed
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On click access
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JPGM at DOAJ
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Circle of Accessibility
Bioline International
OAI services
e.g. OAIster.org
OAI servers Eprints, T-Space
JPGM
PubMed
SearchEngines
Library catalogues
Directories e.g. DOAJ
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Downloads and visitors
Data D.K. Sahu
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Geographic distribution of visitors (n 500)
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Article submissions
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International submissions
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Projected Impact Factor
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Economics of OA-P for India
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Effect of OA on subscriptions
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OA as a tool for dissemination
Open access
Increased visibility Larger readership
More authors and other benefits
Wider recognition Increased citations
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Conclusions

• OA is increasing the visibility, accessibility
  and impact of some of the journals from
  developing countries
• Google is king?
• Need to develop value-added service with OA
  databases and Open Standards
• Alternative measure of research impact is
  emerging but OA is the foundation

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Questions?