The Digestive System

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The Digestive System

• Joseph Reid
• Rowan University

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A Look At The Digestive System
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5 Functions of The Digestive System

• Ingestion Taking foods in orally
• Digestion Breaking foods down
• Mechanical
• Chemical
• Movement Passing foods through digestive systems
• Absorption Moving digested foods across a
  membrane into blood stream
• Elimination Excreting ingested food that was not
  well digested and absorbed

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Alimentary Canal (G.I. Track)

• Mouth Breaking down carbohydrates
• Pharynx Connects mouth with esophagus
• Nasal
• Oral
• Laryngo
• Esophagus Connects pharynx to stomach
• Stomach Churns food, secretes acids and enzymes
• Small Intestine Main site of nutrient
  absorption, chemical and enzyme secretion
• Large Intestine Absorption of electrolytes and
  water
• Rectum Terminal end of the digestive tube
  between the sigmoid colon and the anus
• Anus Inferior outlet of the digestive tube

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4 Accessory Organs

• Salivary Organs In oral cavity chemical
  enzymes, electrolytes, and water
• Liver Makes and releases bile. Secretes
  substance need to start the chemical break down
  of fat emulsification
• Gallbladder Stores bile produced by the liver
• Pancreas Produces pancreatic juices. Also
  produces bicarbonate ions

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Diagram of Mouth

• Hard palate Towards front of mouth
• Soft palate Closes over naval cavity
• Uvula Tip of soft palate, very back
• Palatine tonsils Creates antibodies
• Tongue
• Lingual Frenulum Soft tissue, anchors tongue
  into mouth
• Vestibule Space between lip and teeth

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4 Salivary Glands

• Parotid Gland Located near ear
• Submandibular gland Located under jaw
• Sublingual gland Located under tongue
• Buccal gland Ductless, secrete saliva

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3 Swallowing Muscles

• Superior constrictor muscle
• Upper
• Middle constrictor muscle
• Middle
• Inferior constrictor muscle
• Lower

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Major Regions of the Stomach

• Cardiac region Upper right
• Fundic region Upper Left
• Body Region Middle
• Pyloric region Lower
• Pyloric canal
• Pyloric sphincter
• Rugae (gastric folds) Thick folds in the inner
  walls of the stomach that disappear when the
  stomach is distended.

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3 Parts of The Small Intestine

• Duodenum First part of the
• small intestine. Largest part of
• the digestive system. Starts fat
• breakdown, continues protein
• breakdown, chemical digestion
• and food absorption.
• Jejunum Middle part of the
• small intestine where most
• absorption takes place
• Ileum Last part of the small of
• intestine. Leads into the first
• part the large intestine
• the cecum

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7 Parts of The Large Intestine

• Cecum
• Ascending colon
• Transverse colon
• Descending colon
• Sigmoid colon
• Rectum
• Anal canal