HEALTH PROMOTION

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HEALTH PROMOTION DISEASE PREVENTION

• THE ROLE OF THE NURSE
• Week 1 63-173

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HEALTH PROMOTION WHO - Ottawa Charter

• encouraging healthy lifestyles, creating
  supportive environments for health, strengthening
  community action, reorienting health services to
  place primary focus on promoting health and
  preventing disease, and building healthy public
  policy.

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Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

• the process of enabling people to increase
  control over and to improve their health. A
  state of physical, mental and social well-being,
  that an individual or group must then realize
  aspirations, satisfy needs, and change or cope
  with the environment.http//www.who.int/hpr/NPH/d
  ocs/ottawa_charter_hp.pdf

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Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion-(Health
promotion actions contd)

• To improve health, clients must have
• The prerequisites for health
• Nurses to advocate for good health
• Health promotion through enabling
• Mediation of all concerned groups

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Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

• How to reduce stress through health promotion
  actions
• Build Healthy Public Policy- health, income and
  social justice
• Create Supportive Environments- work, leisure,
  the local and global environment
• Strengthen Community Action- empowering
  communities, social support and greater decision
  making

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Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion-(Health
promotion actions contd)

• Develop Personal Skills- education, effective
  coping resources and improved choices
• Reorient Health Services- focus on the client
  must be holistic (spiritual, cultural, physical,
  psychological, etc..)
• Moving into the Future- care for each other,
  equity to attain health provided to
  all http//www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/ottawa_chart
  er_hp.pdf

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HEALTH PROMOTION ...

• - is directed at enhancing the quality of health
  and well-being of individuals, families, groups,
  communities and /or nations through strategies
  involving supportive environments, co-ordination
  of resources, and respect for personal choice and
  values
• Maville, J.A., Huerta, C.G. (2002) Health
  promotion in nursing.Albany, N.Y Delmar.

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GLOBAL HEALTH COMMUNITY

• Empower people by providing latest health
  information and decision making opportunities
• Strengthen local systems of primary health
• Improve health professionals education
• Apply science and technology to critical health
  problems
• Use new approaches to resistant problems
• Provide culturally appropriate assistance to
  least developed countries
• Establish process to examine world problems and
  develop solutions to make good health a reality
  for all

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WHO and the Millennium Development Goals (2005)

• Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• Achieve universal primary education
• Promote gender equality and empower women
• Reduce child mortality
• Improve maternal health
• Combat AIDS/malaria and other diseases
• Ensure environmental sustainability
• Develop a global partnership for development

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What is Health Canada?

• Health Canada is the federal department
  responsible for helping people in Canada to
  maintain and improve their health

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What are Health Canadas Objectives?

• Prevent and reduce risks to individual health and
  the overall environment
• Promote healthier lifestyles
• Ensure high quality health services that are
  efficient and accessible
• Integrate renewal of the health care system with
  longer term plans in the areas of prevention and
  health promotion
• Reduce health inequalities in Canadian society
• Provide health information to help Canadians make
  informed decisions (http//www.hc-sc.gc.ca/index_
  e.html )

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HEALTH PROMOTION

• The science art of helping people change toward
  a state of optimal health
• ODonnell (1987) as cited in Edelman Mandle
  (2002).

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Health Promotion Health Protection is there a
difference?

• Complementary processes both are critical to
  quality of life
• The difference is in the motivation dynamics for
  the behaviour

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HEALTH

• PROMOTION
• Behavior motivated to ? wellbeing actualize
  human potential
• Actualizing tendency To promote change growth

• PROTECTION
• Behavior motivated to actively avoid illness or
  maintain functioning with an illness
• Stabilizing tendency maintain balance
  equilibrium.

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HEALTH

• PROTECTION
• Adult years have the threat of chronic illness
• Health behaviours duly motivated

• PROMOTION
• Strongest in childhood through young adulthood.
• Motivation is pleasure or improved attractiveness

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HEALTH

• PROMOTION
• NOT illness or injury specific
• Approach motivated
• Expand positive potential for health

• PROTECTION
• Illness or injury specific
• Avoidance motivated
• Stop the abuse to health and well being

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HEALTH PROTECTION/PREVENTION

• Interested in Tattooing and Piercing?
• WHMIS
• Fire and Safety

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LEVELS OF PREVENTION

• Primary Prevention
• Secondary Prevention
• Tertiary Prevention

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Primary Prevention

• The risk is known but the detrimental effects
  from the stress have not yet occurred (Maville
  Huerta, 2002)
• Palmer (1984) The goal of primary prevention is
  to remove the cause (as cited in Maville
  Huerta, 2002, p. 62)
• The purpose is to decrease the vulnerability of
  the individual to disease or dysfunction

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SECONDARY PREVENTION

• The reaction or detrimental effect from stress
  has occurred so nursing goal is to relieve the
  reaction (Maville Huerta, 2002, p. 62)
• Ranges from screening activities and treating
  early stages of disease to delaying or
  diminishing the consequences of the disease

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TERTIARY PREVENTION

• When the defect or disability is permanent and
  irreversible
• Seeks stability
• Minimize the effects, prevent complications and
  deterioration
• Restoration and Rehabilitation

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ROLE OF THE NURSE

• Advocate
• Educator
• Empowering Agent
• Consultant
• Coordinator of Care
• Leader/member of the profession
• Proactive Change Agent
• Provider of care/Caregiver
• Research User HPM Researcher
• Role Model

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Role of the Nurse in Health Protection

• Environmental Health Hazard
• Environmental Health Risk
• Disease Cluster
• Chemical Sensitivity

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Role of the Nurse in Health Protection

• Air Pollution and Indoor Air Quality
• Water and Soil Pollution
• Sound Pollution
• Light and Health
• Space and Health
• WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE NURSE?

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Role of the Nurse in Health Protection

• Workplace Safety
• Environmental/Technological Disasters
• Safety
• Nutrition
• Physical Hazards
• WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE NURSE?

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Role of the Nurse in Health Protection

• Developmental Stages
• Infant/toddler/preschooler
• School age child
• Adolescent
• Adult
• Older Adult

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Role of the Nurse in Health Protection

• Risks in the Health Care Agency
• Nurses can use the Nursing Process -Assess,
  Nursing Diagnosis (Diagnostic Reasoning) Plan,
  Implement, Evaluate in the Health Protection of
  Clients