PowerPoint Sunusu

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DRUG TRENDS THE FIGHT AGAINST DRUG TRAFFICKING
ISTANBUL July 08, 2008
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DRUG PROBLEMS

• Globalization
• High profit margin
• Increase in drug addiction
• Terrorist activities
• Changes in the political situation in various
  countries

The drug problem has grown into a regional and
international crime problem, not just a national
problem.
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GLOBAL EVALUATION
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
World Drug Report
1/3 of 1 Trillion US Dollars is derived from
illegal income which is approximately 321
Billion US. The source is from drug trafficking.
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OPIATES
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COMPARING OPIUM PRODUCTION BETWEEN AFGHANISTAN
AND REST OF THE WORLD
Source UNODC
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OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION IN AFGHANISTAN (1986
2007)
17
193,000
- 20.7
165,000
131,000
104,000
Source UNODC
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POTENTIAL OPIUM PRODUCTION IN AFGHANISTAN
(1986 2007)
34.4
8,200
- 2.4
6,100
4,200
4,100
Source UNODC
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OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION IN SOUTH EAST ASIA
127,752
81 decrease 2000-2006
22
29,200
24,000
Source UNODC, Myanmar figures for 2000 2001
are US Government estimates
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OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION IN COLOMBIA MEXICO
8,900
- 41
5,250
Source UNODC 2000-2006 Colombia, 2000-2005
Mexico US Government Mexico 2006
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POTENTIAL OPIUM PRODUCTION IN SOUTH EAST ASIA
73 decrease 2000-2006
1,254
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469
335
Source UNODC, Myanmar figures for 2000 2001
are US Government estimates
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POTENTIAL OPIUM PRODUCTION IN COLOMBIA MEXICO
177
- 44
99
Source UNODC 2000-2006 Colombia, 2000-2005
Mexico US Government Mexico 2006
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GLOBAL PRODUCTION AND SEIZURES OF HEROIN
11.5
33.8
10.9
11.1
12.1
12.2
Source UNODC
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COCA AND COCAINE
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GLOBAL CULTIVATION OF COCA (1990 2006)
Coca Cultivation Andean region 2002 170,300
ha 2003 153,800 ha 2004 158,000 ha 2005
159,600 ha 2006 156,900 ha
Source UNODC
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ESTIMATED GLOBAL COCAINE PRODUCTION (1990 2006)
Production Statistics
Source UNODC
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COCAINE TRAFFICKING ROUTES
Seizures of cocaine transiting direct to Spain
and Portugal have decreased Seizures on the
back door of Europe have increased
76.7
58.1
57.4
38.9
45.1
46.5
Cocaine shipments through West Africa pose a
significant threat
Reports of large quantities of cocaine to Asia
increasing
The amount of cocaine leaving Venezuela to the US
and Europe has increased dramatically
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COCAINE SEIZURES
On October 30, 2007, a record 23.5 tons of
cocaine was seized in Mexico.
Low Profile Vessels 3 multi-ton cocaine seizures
from November 2006 to March 2008
Photo courtesy of the US Coast Guard
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CANNABIS AND DERIVATIVES
Percentage of Global Production
Africa
North America
Oceania
Central/ and Caribbean
Asia
Europe
Source UNODC (Statistics of 42,000 hectares under
cultivation in 2005)
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GLOBAL SEIZURES OF MARIJUANA (TONS)
- 35
Source UNODC
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GLOBAL SEIZURES OF HASHISH (TONS)
- 11
Source UNODC
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RECORD HASHISH SEIZURE
In June 2008, a joint operation led to the
seizure and destruction of approximately 262 tons
of hashish. The hashish was stockpiled in
several underground warehouses near Spin Boldak,
Afghanistan.
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AMPHETAMINE-TYPE SIMULANTS
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GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF AMPHETAMINE-TYPE STIMULANTS
(ATS)
480
479
445
Source UNODC
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MDMA PRODUCTION

• The Netherlands remains a significant producer of
  MDMA
• Mega-Labs in South East Asia are capable of
  producing both MDMA and crystal methamphetamine.
• Asian Organized Crime groups play an important
  role in the global MDMA trade.
• Canada is now the primary source country for MDMA
  in the United States.

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METHAMPHETAMINE TRAFFICKING IN MEXICO

• In 2007, decreased availability in the United
  States.
• Starting in 2008, no pseudo-ephedrine can be
  legally imported into Mexico.
• Precursor Chemicals now flowing through Central
  America.

Lab seized in Mexico in December 2007
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METHAMPHETAMINE IN SOUTH EAST ASIA

• Synthetic drugs are the primary threat in South
  East Asia.
• Increasing rates of abuse and production
  throughout South East Asia.

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GLOBAL SEIZURES OF AMPHETAMINE-TYPE STIMULANTS
(ATS)
44
35.4
31.7
29.6
26.6
24.7
Source UNODC
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ORIGIN OF SEIZURES OF ECSTASY (2003 2005)
The Netherlands Belgium Germany Canada Poland Lith
uania Estonia England Bulgaria China Serbia South
America Spain USA Hungary Bosnia Herzegovina
Other European Countries Other Asian
Countries Other
(Source UNODC )
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ORIGIN OF GLOBAL SEIZURES OF AMPHETAMINES (2003
2005)
The Netherlands Poland Belgium Lithuania Estonia S
erbia Germany Bulgaria Czech Republic Bosnia
Herzegovina Slovakia Other European
Countries Asian Countries American
Countries Oceana
(Source UNODC)
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PRECURSOR CHEMICALS

• Trafficking groups quickly adapt in response to
  tighter legal controls.
• Countries in Asia, Africa and Middle East used
  for transit.
• How will new restrictions impact drug
  trafficking groups?

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ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (AA)

• No licit production or legal use in Afghanistan
• Produced in at least 18 countries around the
  world
• China, Russia, India, Germany, and South Korea
  
• Smuggled to Afghanistan through neighboring
  countries
• Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, China,
  Pakistan, and Iran
• Smuggled via maritime vessels in containerized
  cargo and overland in cargo trucks

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ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (AA)

• Price of AA in Afghanistan has reportedly
  increased over the past year.
• Notable seizures
• In November 2007 10 tons of AA in Russia.
• In March 2007 14 tons of AA traveling to Pakistan
  from South Korea.

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MONEY LAUNDERING
Bulk cash smuggling continues unabated.

• Trade-based money laundering linking
  organizations in South America, the Middle East
  and Asia.
• Exploiting technology and developing new
  methods.
• Online and Mobile telephone payment system
• Virtual worlds

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POLICE UNITS ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
MINISTRY OF INTERIOR
UNDERSECRETARY OF CUSTOMS
COMMANDERSHIP OF COAST GUARD
TURKISH NATIONAL POLICE
GENERAL COMMANDERSHIP OF GENDARMERIE
TURKISH CUSTOMS
In the fight against drug trafficking the
Gendarmerie, Police, Coast Guard and Customs
work cooperatively on joint investigations.
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TURKEYS VIEW ON DRUG TRAFFICKING

• Turkey has fought against drug trafficking,
  drugs abuse and addiction
• Turkey has instituted policies which state that
  drug trafficking is a crime against humanity and
  drug addicted individuals should be treated as
  patients
• The National Strategy and Policy Document,
  which covers the years of 2006-2012, has been
  signed by the Prime Minister.
• With the signing of this document, political
  measures on the struggle against drug trafficking
  has been clearly defined.

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RESULTS IN THE STRUGGLE AGAINST DRUGS
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HEROIN SEIZURES IN EU AND TURKEY
15,000
Turkey Transit country
EU Target Countries
12,000
10,810
10,274
9,206
8,963
8,975
10,312
9,000
8,069
7,462
,8844
Kilograms
8,195
6,005
6,067
6,000
6,914
6,052
4,704
3,820
3,000
3,605
4,651
3,509
2,535
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
In 2006, Turkey seized more heroin than all the
EU countries combined.
(Source UNODC )
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EMERGING THREAT NORTHERN BLACK SEA ROUTE
K.K.T.C.
Cooperation and operational information sharing
resulted in large seizures in the Ukraine (506
kg), Azerbaijan (142 kg), Kazakhstan (121 kg) and
Romania (150 kg)
39/109
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SYNTHETIC DRUG ROUTES
ECSTASY
CAPTAGON
K.K.T.C.
15,665,321
10,963,979
8,656,886
8,443,719
5,848,457
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REGIONAL ECSTASY EVALUATION
Although Turkey is not among the main producing
or consuming countries, it is among one of the
top three ecstasy seizing countries in Europe.
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TADOC

TURKISH INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY AGAINST DRUGS AND
ORGANIZED CRIME
TADOC was established.
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OPERATIONS CONDUCTED OVER THE LAST 3 YEARS
INVOLVING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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CONTROLLED DELIVERY OPERATIONS ( 1997 2007 )
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OUR PROPOSALS
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