What is Nanotech

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What is Nanotech

• A field of science whose goal is to control
  individual atoms and molecules to create computer
  chips and other devices that are thousands of
  times smaller than current technologies permit
• For example A nanometer is one thousandth the
  diameter of a human hair!
  
• http//youtube.com/watch?v97X1MeJVjR0

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Early applications

• Stain Glass
• Nanosized particles often have different
  properties such as a change in color.
  
• Gold and silver nanosize impurities affect the
  color of the glass.
  
• Medieval stain glass makers did not know they
  happened upon nanoparticles.
  

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Early Theorist of Nanotech

• James Clerk Maxwell
• (1867) Envisioned first nanomachine that could
  trap atoms while they move in a specific
  direction, know as Maxwells Demon.
  

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Richard Feynman

• A well-known physicist
• Theorized building machines to manufacture at
  atomic levels
  
• Predicted information could be stored at great
  density at atomic levels

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Norio Taniguchi

• Tokyo professor
• In 1974 coined the term nano-technology in a
  paper On the basic concept of Nano-technology

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Eric Drexler

• In late 1970s, began to invent molecular
  manufacturing
  
• Understood molecular machines could manufacture
  complex chemical products
  
• Introduced the term nano-technology

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Historical BreakthroughsBuckyBalls

• Discovered in 1985 by 3 scientists, Harry Kroto,
  Richard Smalley and Robert Curl.
  
• A Buckyball is a highly stable sphere of 60
  carbon atoms arranged into hexagons or pentagon
  shapes.
  
• Buckyballs are important due to their high
  superconductivity with electricity, and ability
  to trap other atoms inside.

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Historical BreakthroughsAtomic Force Microscope

• Invented by Gerg Binnig and Cristoph Gerber at
  IBM in 1986.
  
• AFM reads an objects surface with a needle so
  sharp, its tip is a single atom.
  
• The outcome is a 3-D image up to 1,000,000x
  magnification.
  

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Historical BreakthroughsCarbon Nanotubes

• Discovered by Sumio Iijima in 1991.
• Carbon nanotubes behave like metals or
  semiconductors.
  
• Can conduct electricity better than copper,
  transfer heat better than diamonds, and are among
  the strongest materials known to man.

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Historical BreakthroughsDip-Pen Nanolithography

• Invented by Chad A. Mirkin in 1999.
• Combined with an Atomic Microscope, allows the
  user to lay down or write with various
  substances onto a surface at the nanometer
  dimensions.
• This can lead to smaller, more light weight, and
  more reliable electronic devices.
  

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Current Situation

• Currently Nanotechnology is mostly in Research
  and development stage
  
• 2000 Expenses for RD was 825 Million, IN 2005
  it was 4.1 Billion
  
• Over 8 Billion are invested worldwide by
  governments and industry for RD

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Major Players in Nanotech

• 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and
  Development Act was put in action.
  
• These organizations use governmental funding for
  nanotechnology
  
• National Science Foundation
• Department of Defense
• Department of Energy
• NASA
• National Institutes of Health

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Industries Using Nanotech

• The numbers of companies who use Nanotech
  increased 111 from 2004-2006
  
• The following industries have implemented
  Nanotech
  
• Clothing
• Automobile
• Chemical/Pharmaceutical
• IT and Optical
• Food and Beverage

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Industries (Contd)

• Clothing - Eddie Bauer Stain repellent khakis
• Automobile GM Light weight parts, rust proof,
  and scratch resistant.
  
• Medical/Health AngstroMedica Synthetic Bone
• Food and beverage Miller Plastic bottles that
  minimizes the loss of carbon dioxide

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IT Industries

• Apple Mini Ipod converted to Ipod Nano
• InvenSense Gyroscope ( Used to steady camera
  phones)
  
• Intel/IBM Reinventing smaller computer chips
• HP is currently trying to reinvent computing
  beyond today's silicon and transistors

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Present
Future
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Much like electricity and computers,
nanotechnology will influence all aspects of
life including information technology, medicine,
and solar technology.
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Future of NanotechnologyDid you know that its
predicted that by the year 2020 your wristwatch
will be smarter than you?
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Nanotechnology in Computers

• Currently CPUs and similar products cant get
  much smaller with existing technology.
  
• Nano chips will allow for computers to be
  smaller, more powerful, more efficient, and
  cheaper.
  
• Allows for greater global communication,
  cross-cultural understanding, and cooperation.
  

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Stunning Changes in Medicine

• Ability to target diseased or cancerous cells,
  making them easier to locate.
  
• Makes medicines work faster
• Changing our understanding how proteins interact
  with DNA and other biological molecules
  
• Modify genes to eradicate diseases
• Alzheimers, liver, heart, alcoholism etc.

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Repairing Molecular/ Cellular Damage

• Infectious Diseases
• Nanorobots can occupy whole cell, whereas
  enzymatic or immune defenses against infections
  are more cautious.
  
• Cancer
• Nanorobots can potentially repair our DNA in
  cells that have underwent mutations.
  

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Nanotechnology Against Cancer

• Nanotechnology is being applied to cancer in two
  broad areas
  
• the development of nanovectors, such as
  nanoparticles, which can be loaded with drugs or
  imaging agents and then targeted to tumours
  
• high-throughput nanosensor devices designed to
  detect the biological signatures of cancer.
  
• Combined, such technologies could
• lead to earlier diagnosis and better
• treatment for patients with cancer.

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Changes in Medicine (cont.)

• Nanotechnology has allowed for functional
  clothing, existing examples include bug
  repellant shirts, antimicrobial underwear and
  stain-resistant trousers.
• The possibilities are endless, imagine a world
  where no one gets seriously ill, grows older, or
  even dies until they want to!

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Maximizing Productivity of Agriculture

• Precision farming using nanosensors, pest
  nanocides, and inexpensive decentralized water
  purification.
  
• Even more advanced would be plant gene therapy
  and pest resistant, high yield crops that require
  less water.
  
• Food technology
• Crop disease control and management
• Food quality and safety
• Demands on food packaging

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NanoSolar Technology

• Scientists have developed new ways to utilize
  solar energy.
  
• Benefits and Improvements
• 1/3 the cost of traditional solar cells
• Lighter weight and less bulk, paper thin panels
• Greater efficiency, current silicon cells are
  poor absorbers of solar energy
  
• One minute of sunlight would be enough to meet
  the worlds energy demand for a year.
  (http//www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/399.)

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Going Green

• It is predicted that by 2050 our world population
  will be 8.9 billion, causing bigger demands on
  agriculture.
  
• Nanotech can provide these solutions
• Nanosensors making pollution monitoring
  affordable
  
• Light weight lower energy needs
• Reducing uses of harsh cleansers

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Questions??
Questions??
Questions??
Questions??
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Group 7 8

• Paul Arndt, Sara Gallandez, Matthew Groch, Kyle
  Hawkins, Barry Heller, Kate Schwartz, Yubin
  Zhang, Louis Arellano, Nelson Arroyo, Robert
  Dinger, Ryan England, Erin Grandpre, Stephanie
  Hagg, Nikolas Hanson, Dean Kinzer, Zeljka
  Kovacevic, Kristah Krueger, Michael Lesnieski,
  Lauren Neu, Tyler Schmitt