Cellular Respiration

1
Cellular Respiration
2
Cellular Respiration The glucose produced by
photosynthesis is a high-energy
molecule. Photosynthesis is an anabolic reaction
3
Cellular Respiration The glucose produced by
photosynthesis is a high-energy
molecule. Photosynthesis is an anabolic
reaction Cellular Respiration is a catabolic
reaction that breaks glucose down into simpler,
low-energy molecules. Energy is released in this
reaction.
4
Cellular Respiration The glucose produced by
photosynthesis is a high-energy
molecule. Photosynthesis is an anabolic
reaction Cellular Respiration is a catabolic
reaction that breaks glucose down into simpler,
low-energy molecules. Energy is released in this
reaction. Approx 40 of this energy is used to
produce ATP, a form of energy that can be used
in cellular metabolism
5
Cellular Respiration The glucose produced by
photosynthesis is a high-energy
molecule. Photosynthesis is an anabolic
reaction Cellular Respiration is a catabolic
reaction that breaks glucose down into simpler,
low-energy molecules. Energy is released in this
reaction. Approx 40 of this energy is used to
produce ATP, a form of energy that can be used
in cellular metabolism Approx 60 of the energy
released during cellular respiration is heat
energy
6
Cellular Respiration The glucose produced by
photosynthesis is a high-energy
molecule. Photosynthesis is an anabolic
reaction Cellular Respiration is a catabolic
reaction that breaks glucose down into simpler,
low-energy molecules. Energy is released in this
reaction. Approx 40 of this energy is used to
produce ATP, a form of energy that can be used
in cellular metabolism Approx 60 of the energy
released during cellular respiration is heat
energy Respiration in the presence of O2 is
called aerobic respiration
7
Cellular Respiration The glucose produced by
photosynthesis is a high-energy
molecule. Photosynthesis is an anabolic
reaction Cellular Respiration is a catabolic
reaction that breaks glucose down into simpler,
low-energy molecules. Energy is released in this
reaction. Approx 40 of this energy is used to
produce ATP, a form of energy that can be used
in cellular metabolism Approx 60 of the energy
released during cellular respiration is heat
energy Respiration in the presence of O2 is
called aerobic respiration Respiration in the
absence of O2, in an anoxic environment, is
called anaerobic respiration
8
Aerobic Respiration
2 ATP
C6H12O6 6O2
6CO2 6H2O 38 ATP
9
Aerobic Respiration
2 ATP
C6H12O6 6O2
6CO2 6H2O 38 ATP
Aerobic respiration is made up of 3 stages. These
are
10
Aerobic Respiration
2 ATP
C6H12O6 6O2
6CO2 6H2O 38 ATP
Aerobic respiration is made up of 3 stages. These
are Glycolysis where a 6C sugar, glucose, is
broken down in the cells cytosol to form two 3C
pyruvate molecules
11
Aerobic Respiration
2 ATP
C6H12O6 6O2
6CO2 6H2O 38 ATP
Aerobic respiration is made up of 3 stages. These
are Glycolysis where a 6C sugar, glucose, is
broken down in the cells cytosol to form two 3C
pyruvate molecules Krebs Cycle where pyruvate
molecules are broken down to three CO2 molecules,
producing ATP. Occurs within the inner membrane
of mitochondria
12
Aerobic Respiration
2 ATP
C6H12O6 6O2
6CO2 6H2O 38 ATP
Aerobic respiration is made up of 3 stages. These
are Glycolysis where a 6C sugar, glucose, is
broken down in the cells cytosol to form two 3C
pyruvate molecules Krebs Cycle where pyruvate
molecules are broken down to three CO2 molecules,
producing ATP. Occurs within the inner membrane
of mitochondria Electron Transport where
loaded acceptor molecules unload H to form H2O
and produce ATP. Occurs on the inner membrane.
Presence of O2 essential
13
Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis
14
Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis This reaction is
a series of steps and occurs in the cytosol of
the cell
15
Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis This reaction is
a series of steps and occurs in the cytosol of
the cell Enzymes and vitamin co-enzymes found in
the cytosol catalyse each stage of the reaction
16
Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis This reaction is
a series of steps and occurs in the cytosol of
the cell Enzymes and vitamin co-enzymes found in
the cytosol catalyse each stage of the
reaction Glucose, a 6 C molecule, is broken down
to two pyruvate molecules (each 3 C). Two ATP
molecules are produced.
17
Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis This reaction is
a series of steps and occurs in the cytosol of
the cell Enzymes and vitamin co-enzymes found in
the cytosol catalyse each stage of the
reaction Glucose, a 6 C molecule, is broken down
to two pyruvate molecules (each 3 C). Two ATP
molecules are produced. Two H, removed from the
glucose, are collected by acceptor molecules
such as NAD FAD
18
Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis This reaction is
a series of steps and occurs in the cytosol of
the cell Enzymes and vitamin co-enzymes found in
the cytosol catalyse each stage of the
reaction Glucose, a 6 C molecule, is broken down
to two pyruvate molecules (each 3 C). Two ATP
molecules are produced. Two H, removed from the
glucose, are collected by acceptor molecules
such as NAD FAD Loaded acceptor molecules can
produce ATP through further reactions
19
Mitochondria
20
Aerobic Respiration Krebs cycle
21
Aerobic Respiration Krebs cycle
22
Aerobic Respiration Krebs cycle Pyruvate,
produced in the cytosol during glycolysis, is
transported into the matrix of mitochondria
23
Aerobic Respiration Krebs cycle Pyruvate,
produced in the cytosol during glycolysis, is
transported into the matrix of mitochondria In a
series of steps, carbon atoms are removed from
the pyruvate and released as CO2.
24
Aerobic Respiration Krebs cycle Pyruvate,
produced in the cytosol during glycolysis, is
transported into the matrix of mitochondria In a
series of steps, carbon atoms are removed from
the pyruvate and released as CO2. Five H are
collected by acceptor molecules, forming 5
loaded acceptor molecules (4 NADH, 1 FADH)
25
Aerobic Respiration Krebs cycle Pyruvate,
produced in the cytosol during glycolysis, is
transported into the matrix of mitochondria In a
series of steps, carbon atoms are removed from
the pyruvate and released as CO2. Five H are
collected by acceptor molecules, forming 5
loaded acceptor molecules (4 NADH, 1 FADH) For
each pyruvate molecule, 3 CO2 molecules and 1
ATP molecule is produced
26
Aerobic Respiration Krebs cycle
27
Aerobic Respiration Electron transport
28
Aerobic Respiration Electron transport This
takes place on cytochromes that are found on the
inner membrane of mitochondria. The folded inner
membrane form protrusions called cristae
29
Aerobic Respiration Electron transport This
takes place on cytochromes that are found on the
inner membrane of mitochondria. The folded inner
membrane form protrusions called cristae Cristae
increase the surface area of the membrane
providing more sites for cytochromes to occur,
therefore, increasing electron transport rates
30
Aerobic Respiration Electron transport This
takes place on cytochromes that are found on the
inner membrane of mitochondria. The folded inner
membrane form protrusions called cristae Cristae
increase the surface area of the membrane
providing more sites for cytochromes to occur,
therefore, increasing electron transport
rates Oxygen must be present
31
Aerobic Respiration Electron transport This
takes place on cytochromes that are found on the
inner membrane of mitochondria. The folded inner
membrane form protrusions called cristae Cristae
increase the surface area of the membrane
providing more sites for cytochromes to occur,
therefore, increasing electron transport
rates Oxygen must be present NADH and FADH move
to cytochromes. Remember that the acceptor
molecules carry electrons as well as H
32
Aerobic Respiration Electron transport This
takes place on cytochromes that are found on the
inner membrane of mitochondria. The folded inner
membrane form protrusions called cristae Cristae
increase the surface area of the membrane
providing more sites for cytochromes to occur,
therefore, increasing electron transport
rates Oxygen must be present NADH and FADH move
to cytochromes. Remember that the acceptor
molecules carry electrons as well as
H Electrons move from one cytochrome to
another, eventually transferring to oxygen
33
Aerobic Respiration Electron transport This
takes place on cytochromes that are found on the
inner membrane of mitochondria. The folded inner
membrane form protrusions called cristae Cristae
increase the surface area of the membrane
providing more sites for cytochromes to occur,
therefore, increasing electron transport
rates Oxygen must be present NADH and FADH move
to cytochromes. Remember that the acceptor
molecules carry electrons as well as
H Electrons move from one cytochrome to
another, eventually transferring to
oxygen Oxygen becomes ve charged and attracts
to H to form H2O
34
Aerobic Respiration Electron transport This
takes place on cytochromes that are found on the
inner membrane of mitochondria. The folded inner
membrane form protrusions called cristae Cristae
increase the surface area of the membrane
providing more sites for cytochromes to occur,
therefore, increasing electron transport
rates Oxygen must be present NADH and FADH move
to cytochromes. Remember that the acceptor
molecules carry electrons as well as
H Electrons move from one cytochrome to
another, eventually transferring to
oxygen Oxygen becomes ve charged and attracts
to H to form H2O As electrons are transferred
energy is released to produce 32 ATP (at this
stage per glucose molecule)
35
(No Transcript)
36
Anaerobic Respiration respiration in the absence
of O2
37
Anaerobic Respiration respiration in the absence
of O2 Glycolysis continues in the cytoplasm, in
the absence of O2
38
Anaerobic Respiration respiration in the absence
of O2 Glycolysis continues in the cytoplasm, in
the absence of O2 Glucose is converted to
pyruvate, and 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules are
produced
39
Anaerobic Respiration respiration in the absence
of O2 Glycolysis continues in the cytoplasm, in
the absence of O2 Glucose is converted to
pyruvate, and 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules are
produced Without O2, an enzyme converts pyruvate
to lactate The 2 NADH molecules produced in
glycolysis drive this reaction
40
Anaerobic Respiration respiration in the absence
of O2 Glycolysis continues in the cytoplasm, in
the absence of O2 Glucose is converted to
pyruvate, and 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules are
produced Without O2, an enzyme converts pyruvate
to lactate The 2 NADH molecules produced in
glycolysis drive this reaction The unloaded
acceptor NAD is recycled
41
Anaerobic Respiration respiration in the absence
of O2 Glycolysis continues in the cytoplasm, in
the absence of O2 Glucose is converted to
pyruvate, and 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules are
produced Without O2, an enzyme converts pyruvate
to lactate The 2 NADH molecules produced in
glycolysis drive this reaction The unloaded
acceptor NAD is recycled Lactate build up lowers
cell pH causing pain and fatigue
42
Anaerobic Respiration respiration in the absence
of O2 Glycolysis continues in the cytoplasm, in
the absence of O2 Glucose is converted to
pyruvate, and 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules are
produced Without O2, an enzyme converts pyruvate
to lactate The 2 NADH molecules produced in
glycolysis drive this reaction The unloaded
acceptor NAD is recycled Lactate build up lowers
cell pH causing pain and fatigue When O2 supply
increases anaerobic respiration stops, lactate
converts to pyruvate and Krebs cycle begins
43
Anaerobic Respiration respiration in the absence
of O2 Glycolysis continues in the cytoplasm, in
the absence of O2 Glucose is converted to
pyruvate, and 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules are
produced Without O2, an enzyme converts pyruvate
to lactate The 2 NADH molecules produced in
glycolysis drive this reaction The unloaded
acceptor NAD is recycled Lactate build up lowers
cell pH causing pain and fatigue When O2 supply
increases anaerobic respiration stops, lactate
converts to pyruvate and Krebs cycle
begins Anaerobic respiration provides fast ATP
production over a short time
44
Anaerobic Respiration respiration in the absence
of O2 Glycolysis continues in the cytoplasm, in
the absence of O2 Glucose is converted to
pyruvate, and 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules are
produced Without O2, an enzyme converts pyruvate
to lactate The 2 NADH molecules produced in
glycolysis drive this reaction The unloaded
acceptor NAD is recycled Lactate build up lowers
cell pH causing pain and fatigue When O2 supply
increases anaerobic respiration stops, lactate
converts to pyruvate and Krebs cycle
begins Anaerobic respiration provides fast ATP
production over a short time 1 Glucose 2 ATP,
compared to 36 ATP for aerobic respiration