Communicating with Concept Drawings: How to make and use simple drawings

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Communicating with Concept Drawings How to
make and use simple drawings

• Jeffrey Donnell
• The Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering
• Georgia Tech
• jeffrey.donnell_at_me.gatech.edu

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How professionals use concept drawings

• Making drawings forces professionals to clarify
  thinking.
• Professionals develop numerical analyses through
  reference to drawings.
• Supervisors and colleagues review drawings in
  order to understand proposed systems,
  recommendations and analyses.

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Guidelines for simple drawings

• Simplicity
• Two-dimensional views are usually adequate
• Color is seldom necessary
• Motion should be indicated, using arrows.
• Labeling
• Every component should have a descriptive name,
• displayed in a brief label.
• Labels should be placed very close to the
  structures they characterize.
• Orientation and context
• The drawings view (top, side, isometric, etc.)
  should be indicated.
• The physical setting of the device (and/or its
  user) should be represented.

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Excellent concept illustrations

• U.S. Patent 2,757,610Sheet Handling Mechanism
  for
• Double-sided Color Perfector Press

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Motivation for this invention

• Color printing presses could not produce
  front-and-back images in a single step
• --because--
• Color printing presses could not grasp and
  re-orient sheets of paper

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Objective of this device

• Allow color printing presses to grip and
  re-orient sheets of paper having various sizes
• Allow printers to link sets of color printing
  presses for double-sided color printing in a
  single step

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Figure 1 Overview of System
U.S. Patent 2,757,610
Figure 1. Overview of a multi-color printing
press system, showing two printing presses, or
Printing Units, linked by three Transfer
Cylinders. Each press has four component
cylinders, labeled as Form Cylinder, Blanket
Cylinder, Impression Cylinder, and Pick-up/Sheet
Delivery. The Transfer cylinders linking the
presses are centered in the drawing and labeled
T1-T3.
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Figure 2 Introduction of Gripper Fingers
U.S. Patent 2,757,610
Figure 2. A multi-color press, showing two
printing units linked by transfer wheels. Eight
gripper fingers (items G1-G8) are visible here,
with five of these placed on the Transfer
Cylinders. These gripper fingers hold the paper
sheets, controlling their orientation. The
gripper settings shown here are used for
single-side printing.
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Figure 3 Settings for double-sided printing
U.S. Patent 2,757,610
Figure 3. A two-unit multi-color printing press,
showing settings for gripper fingers and transfer
wheels when front-and-back color printing is to
be performed in a single operation. The transfer
cylinders, and their grippers, have been
displaced from their locations in Figure 2 to
permit sheet transfer in a double- sided color
process.
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Simplicity in drawings
U.S. Patent 2,757,610

• Two-dimensional views convey useful information
  using only lines, circles and arrows.
• Components have descriptive names, represented in
  labels adjoining the components.
• Orientation information is prominent much visual
  space is devoted to structures that support or
  surround the invention, such as the feed and
  delivery mechanisms, motor and some of the
  cylinders.
• Color is not required distinctions are made by
  line weights, line breaks and line spacing.

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Logic in a sequence of drawings
Figure 2 Gripper Fingers are added to Overview
drawing
U.S. Patent 2,757,610
Figure 1 Overview of system without details
U.S. Patent 2,757,610

• A simplified system overview is shown in Figure 1
  before
• details are provided.
• Details are added to Figures 2 and 3 as an
  overlay on
• top of the preceding drawing
• Drawings in a sequence show the same orientation.
• Orienting information in Figure 1 is
  reproduced in the
• two subsequent drawings
• When these drawings show similar views, they are
  displayed
• with similar size, markings and line weights.

Figure 3 Gripper fingers oriented for front-back
printing
U.S. Patent 2,757,610
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Integrating figures with text

• It is the professionals job to assign
  descriptive names to components and to display
  those names in labels
• Text descriptions must highlight words displayed
  in descriptive labels

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