Biology: The Study of Life

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Biology The Study of Life

• Chapter one

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Biology The Study of LifeChapter 1

• The BIG Picture
• Nature of Biology
• Characteristics of Living Things
• Scientific Method
• Ethics in Biology
• Safety
• Measurement

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What do Biologist Study Why?

• Interactions of living things
• Interactions of living things their environment
• Small (cells, DNA, viruses, prions) to large
  (biosphere)
• Many divisions Ex medicine, histology,
  icthyology, genetics, ecology
• Why To understand life and propose solutions to
  problems

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What is Life?

• What makes something Alive?

Is this alive?
Does it have any life characteristics?
What does it have in common with this?
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Is it Alive?

• What 8 characteristics do YOU think all living
  things share?
• Brainstorm in your groups list

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Characteristics of Living ThingsThe Rules of the
Living Game

• 1. Made up of units called cells - organized
• 2. Reproduce like organisms
• 3. Have DNA
• 4. Grow and develop
• 5. Obtain and use materials and energy
• 6. Respond to stimulus/environment
• 7. Homeostasis
• 8. Evolve

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Scientific Method Skills
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Experiments

• AKA studies, tests, case studies, field studies
  controlled experiments
• Depends on subjects, variables, ethics
• Controlled experiment is most precise

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Draw samples from some aspect of nature
CONTROL GROUP The variable being tested is absent
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP The variable being tested is
present
Compile results
Compile results
Compare and analyze the test results
Report on experimental design, test results, and
conclusions drawn from results
CONTROL GROUP VS. EXPERIMENTAL GROUP
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Variables

• Independent
• The condition in an experiment that is changed
• Dependent
• A condition that the scientist observes or
  measures b/c of the change in the independent
  variable

NOTE They are sometimes called different
names Independent manipulated,
explanatory, Dependent observed, resulting,
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You Try!

• Two agar plates (A and B) with 1,000
  streptococcus bacteria are incubated in identical
  10g nutrient medium at 37 C for 24 hours. Plate A
  has 10mg antibiotic X added, Plate B has a 10mg
  placebo added. After 24 hours, the number of
  bacteria remaining are counted.
• IV Antibiotic X
• DV bacteria after 24 hours
• How are conditions controlled between the two
  groups?
• Hypothesis Grass will grow taller if fertilizer
  is added.
• IV Fertilizer
• DV Change in length of grass (metric)

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You Try Independent vs. Dependant Variable WS

• 1. More bushels of potatoes will be produced if
  the fertilizer in the soil is increased.
• IV fertilizer
• DV bushels of potatoes

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CONTROLED CONDITIONS

• VERY IMPORTANT!!!
• Conditions that remain constant in both the test
  group and the control group
• The control group does NOT change its independent
  variable

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Scientific Method at Work Aristotle (384 322
BC)

• Proposed the theory of spontaneous generation
• Idea that living things can arise from nonliving
  matter
• Idea lasted almost 2000 years

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Disproving Spontaneous Generation
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GRAPHING - An Important Skill

• The 3 well use most are
• Line, Bar, Pie
• Whats the difference?

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The Scientific Method

• You might see it expressed different ways, but
  it is still the same process

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The Scientific Method is a logical, step-by-step
process to solve a problem

• No matter how you say it!

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The Nature of BiologySection 1.3

• Science Society
• Ethics Example Pharmaceutical Studies, animal
  testing, stem cell, genetic engineering

• Science vs. Technology
• --Whats the difference?

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Limits of Science

• Scientific approach cannot provide answers to
  subjective questions
• Which color is best?
• Cannot provide moral, aesthetic, or philosophical
  standards

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Theories vs. Laws

• Theory explanation of a natural phenomenon
  supported by a large body of scientific evidence
• Law Description of events that occur in the
  natural world fact

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Glowing Mice ethical?
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The History of Measurement
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The Metric System
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Weight vs. MassWhats the difference?
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Converting Units in the Metric System - Length
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Accuracy vs. Precision
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Lets Make a Deal

• A classmate bets you 20 that you cant jump a
  fence that is 110 decimeters tall assume you are
  2.1 meters tall
• Do you take the bet?

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BE CAREFUL

• How is this scale different from the one in the
  video clip?
• What does this mean for your conversions?

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Can you do this?
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Converting Units in the Metric System - Volume
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Other Prefixes Their Powers Of Ten
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Lab Safety Introduction
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Whats wrong with this picture
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