Image Processing Lecture 1 Introduction and Application

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Image Processing Lecture 1 Introduction
and Application

• Gaurav Gupta
• Shobhit Niranjan

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Instructors

• Gaurav Gupta
• Can catch at B109/Hall-1
• mail at gauravg_at_iitk.ac.in
• gtalk gauravg.84_at_GMAIL
• more information at http//home.iitk.ac.in/g
  auravg
• Shobhit Niranjan
• Can catch at B211/Hall-1
• mail at nshobhit_at_iitk.ac.in
• gtalk shobhitn_at_GMAIL
• more information at http//home.iitk.ac.in/n
  shobhit

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Course Structure

• Introduction to Image Processing, Application and
  Prospects (Today)
• Introduction, Image formation, camera models and
  perspective geometry
• Fourier Transform theory , Convolution and
  Correlation
• Color, Image enhancement  Techniques
• Binary images thresholding, moments, topology 
• Note Some topics may not be in order to
  maintain coherency and running time requirements.
  (Bare with us trying to teach first time !!)

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Today

• Image Formation
• Range Transformations
• Point Processing
• Reading for this week
• Gonzalez Woods, Ch. 3

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Image Formation
f(x,y) reflectance(x,y) illumination(x,y) Refl
ectance in 0,1, illumination in 0,inf
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Sampling and Quantization
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Sampling and Quantization
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What is an image?

• We can think of an image as a function, f, from
  R2 to R
• f( x, y ) gives the intensity at position ( x, y
  )
• Realistically, we expect the image only to be
  defined over a rectangle, with a finite range
• f a,bxc,d ? 0,1
• A color image is just three functions pasted
  together. We can write this as a vector-valued
  function

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Images as functions
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What is a digital image?

• We usually operate on digital (discrete) images
• Sample the 2D space on a regular grid
• Quantize each sample (round to nearest integer)
• If our samples are D apart, we can write this as
• fi ,j Quantize f(i D, j D)
• The image can now be represented as a matrix of
  integer values

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Image processing

• An image processing operation typically defines a
  new image g in terms of an existing image f.
• We can transform either the range of f.
• Or the domain of f
• What kinds of operations can each perform?

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Negative
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Log
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Image Enhancement
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Contrast Streching
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Image Histograms
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Histogram Equalization
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Neighborhood Processing (filtering)

• Q What happens if I reshuffle all pixels within
  the image?
• A Its histogram wont change. No point
  processing will be affected
• Need spatial information to capture this.

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Programming Assignment 1

• Easy stuff to get you started with Matlab
• Shobhit will hold your first tutorial
• Topics will be from next 2 lectures

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• Applications
• Research Topics

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Document Handling
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Signature Verification
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Biometrics
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Fingerprint Verification / Identification
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Fingerprint Identification Research at UNR

• Minutiae Matching
• Delaunay Triangulation

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Object Recognition
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Object Recognition Research

• reference view 1
  reference view 2
• novel
  view recognized

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Indexing into Databases

• Shape content

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Indexing into Databases (contd)

• Color, texture

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Target Recognition

• Department of Defense (Army, Airforce, Navy)

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Interpretation of Aerial Photography
Interpretation of aerial photography is a
problem domain in both computer vision and
registration.
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Autonomous Vehicles

• Land, Underwater, Space

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Traffic Monitoring
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Face Detection
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Face Recognition
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Face Detection/Recognition Research at UNR
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Facial Expression Recognition
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Face Tracking
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Face Tracking (contd)
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Hand Gesture Recognition

• Smart Human-Computer User Interfaces
• Sign Language Recognition

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Human Activity Recognition
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Medical Applications

• skin cancer breast cancer

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Morphing
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Inserting Artificial Objects into a Scene
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Companies In this Field In India and came to
IITK

• Sarnoff Corporation
• Kritikal Solutions
• National Instruments
• GE Laboratories
• Ittiam, Bangalore
• Interra Systems, Noida
• Yahoo India (Multimedia Searching)
• nVidia Graphics, Pune (have high requirements)
• ADE Bangalore, DRDO

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Links for Self Study and a little Play

• http//undergraduate.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/233.412
  /
• http//www.netnam.vn/unescocourse/computervision/c
  omputer.htm
• Book Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition
• by Gonzalez and Woods, Prentice Hall

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• Good Luck !!!