Chapter 6 Aldehydes and Ketones

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Chapter 6Aldehydes and Ketones
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6.1 Structure-Aldehydes Ketones

• Aldehyde Ketone
• Carboxylic Acid Ester Amide

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Classify the Family for each
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6.1 Structure-Aldehydes Ketones
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6.2-Naming Aldehydes and Ketones

• Aldehydes
• Ketones

• -e ? -al

• -e ? -one

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Box 6.1 Aldehydes Ketones in Nature

• Glucose
• Fructose

Monomer in starch
combined in sucrose
combined in sucrose
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Box 6.1 Aldehydes Ketones in Nature
Female and male hormones
members of the lipid family (steroids)
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Box 6.1 Aldehydes Ketones in Nature
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Box 6.2 Important Aldehydes and Ketones

• Formaldehyde
• Preserve biological specimens
• Elbalm cadavers

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Box 6.2 Important Aldehydes and Ketones

• Acetone
• solvent
• in nail polish remover
• diabetics - breath

2-propanone
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6.3 Physical Properties Aldehydes and Ketones -
OMIT
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6.4 Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Aldehydes and ketones are formed by _________
oxidation with ________ or _______
selective
Cr2O72-
MnO4-
carboxylic acids
_________ can be further oxidized to ________
Aldehydes
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6.4 Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones
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6.4 Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones
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6.4 Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Tollens Reagent colorless alkaline solution of
Ag in NH3 or Ag(NH3)2
Ag ? Ag and aldehyde ? acid
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6.4 Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Benedicts Reagent - blue alkaline solution of
Cu2 (stabilized with citrate ion) Works only
for ______________________
a-hydroxy aldehydes ( a-hydroxy ketones)
blue soln
red ppt.
Cu2 ? Cu2O
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6.4 Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Benedicts Solution Cu2 ions
Cu2O ppt.
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6.5 Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
Aldehydes and Ketones can be reduced back to
____________ By 1) 2)
Catalytic hydrogenation (reduction)
H2
Hydride Reduction
H-
Aldehyde ? ________
Ketone ? ________
Note You dont need to know the difference
between catalytic hydrogenation (catalytic
reduction) and hydride reduction.
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NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) can be
used to reduce other molecules.
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6.5 Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
Pyruvic acid is being reduced by NADH to lactic
acid
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6.5 Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones

• Note
• A reducing agent gets ____________ while
  bringing about the _________ of something else.
• An oxidizing agent gets ____________ while
  bringing about the _________ of something else.