China

1
China

• The Giant Has Awakened

2
The Power

• For nearly 1400 years after the Roman empire
  fell, there was only one preeminent power in the
  world..China.
• No other nation came close to matching its size,
  population, wealth, and inventiveness.

3
Sleeping Giant

• Napoleon once said of China, There lies a
  sleeping giantLet her sleep, for when she wakes
  she will shake the world.
• For better or for worse, she has awakened.

4
(No Transcript)
5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
History of Chinese Dynasties

• The history of China can be divided into
  dynasties.
• Each of these dynasties contributed to the oldest
  consistent culture of all time.

11
Xia (c. 2200c. 1750 BC)

• We dont know much about this dynasty. The
  archeological record shows that the Xia were
  descendents of a Neolithic culture known as the
  Longshan culture from the Yellow valley.

12
Shang (c. 1750-c. 1040 BC)

• Advanced bronze working civilization
• Earliest and most complete record of Chinese
  writing (oracular purposes)
• Blood-thirsty pre-modern civilization. (Human
  sacrifice)
• Odd system of succession (brother to brother,
  then to maternal nephew)

13
Western Zhou (c. 1100 771 BC)

• Father to son succession
• Not as good at working bronze as Shang, but still
  better than the rest of the world
• Maintained peace and stability in
  quasi-independent principality system
• Called The Middle Kingdom

14
Spring and Autumn Period (722-481 BC)

• In the 8th century BC, power became
  decentralized. In this period, local military
  leaders used by the Zhou began to assert their
  power and vie for hegemony .
• This marks the second large phase of the Zhou
  dynasty The Eastern Zhou.
• The Hundred Schools of Thought of Chinese
  philosophy blossomed during this period, and such
  influential intellectual movements as
  Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism and Mohism were
  founded, partly in response to the changing
  political world.

15
Warring States Period (403-221 BC)

• After further political consolidation, seven
  prominent states remained by the end of 5th
  century BC, and the years in which these few
  states battled each other is known as the Warring
  States Period.

16

• The final expansion in this period began during
  the reign of Ying Zheng, the king of Qin. His
  unification of the other six powers and further
  annexations enabled him to proclaim himself the
  First Emperor
• There were 3 classes King, Nobles, and Peasants.

17
Imperial China The Qin Dynasty

• A time of great legalism. (Burning and burying
  of any scholars and books not of legalistic
  viewpoint)
• Beginning of the Great Wall of China
• Unified legal code, written language, and currency

18
Han Dynasty202 BC

• Embraced Confucianism
• The Silk Road opened
• Han power declined again amidst land
  acquisitions, invasions, and feuding between
  consort clans and eunuchs. The Yellow Turban
  Rebellion broke out in 184, ushering in an era of
  warlords.

19
Jin Period265 BC 420 AD

• A time when many ethnic groups vied for control
  of the war torn country.
• The next century and a half was a time of
  incessant warring, with very little unification.

20
Sui Dynasty - Reunification

• Brought China together again and set up many
  institutions
• Unfortunately, a megalomaniac emperor has given
  this time a bad name
• Many positive achievements that enabled the next
  dynasty to succeed

21
Tang Dynasty618 AD

• Age of prosperity and innovation in the arts and
  technology
• Buddhism became predominant religion
• Extensive trade with distant foreign countries

22
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms907-960

• Period of political disunity
• China was a multi-state system in the north, with
  ten more stable kingdoms established in the
  south

23
Song Dynasty970-1279

• Political Division Liao, Song, Western Xia, Jin,
  Mongols
• The Southern Song Dynasty suffered the
  humiliation of having to acknowledge the Jin
  Dynasty as formal overlords

24
Yuan Dynasty

• The Jin Empire was defeated by the Mongols, who
  then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a
  long and bloody war, the first war where firearms
  played an important role
• Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, wanting to
  adopt Han Chinese customs, established the Yuan
  Dynasty. This was the first dynasty to rule the
  whole of China from Beijing as the capital.
• During the era after the war, adventurous
  Westerners such as Marco Polo traveled all the
  way to China and brought the first reports of its
  wonders to Europe

25
Ming Dynasty1368-1644

• Strong sentiment against foreigners led to
  peasant revolts (Mongolians pushed back)
• Final building of Great Wall
• Strong, unified central government
• Time of great prosperity

26
Qing Dynasty1644 - 1911

• Manchus defeated the Ming, the last Han Chinese
  dynasty
• The Manchus had a special hair style the
  "queue". They cut hair off the front of their
  heads and made the remaining hair into a long
  pigtail. Those who didnt comply with the new
  uniform were put to death

27
19th Century

• During this time, China suffered massive social,
  political, and economic strife.

28
The Republic Of China

• The provisional government of the Republic of
  China was formed in Nanjing on March 12, 1912
• There is too much to cover about the forming of
  this communist powerhousesuffice it to say,
  China is awake and roaring.

29
Four Elements of Chinese Stability

• Rapport with earth and nature
• The Family
• Veneration of ancestors
• Confucian Code
• Despite periodic civil wars and invasions, the
  cultural unity of China has reasserted itself
  time and again and absorbed many would be
  conquerors in its long history (Karan 6).