Immigration

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Immigration
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• Immigration
• The movement of people
• into another nation
• with the intention of living there permanently
• Emigration
• The movement of a people permanently leaving a
  nation

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Push and Pull Factors

• Push Factors Conditions that drive people
  to leave their
• 
  homes
• Land/jobs scarce in home country
• Political and/or religious persecution
• Revolutions
• Poverty
• Forced to serve in army
• Lack of education / opportunity
• Pull Factors Conditions that attract
  people to a new area
• Promise of freedom (personal, religious and
  political)
• Hope for a new life
• Jobs
• Land
• Education
• Streets paved with gold / dreams of getting rich

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• Mosaic versus Melting Pot

Melting Pot Identities of each immigrant group
are melted down to form one integrated
society You assimilate or come together by
getting rid of differences
Mosaic a picture created by putting together
many small colored glass, stones or tiles. Each
piece retains its identity while contributing to
the larger design
Goal is for every American to value his or her
immigrant heritage
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Reasons for the Growing Work Force

• 14 million people immigrated to the United States
  between 1860 and 1900
• Contract Labor Act in 1864 had been passed when
  labor was scarce during the Civil War. Employers
  paid the cost of passage in return for immigrants
  working for a period of time up to one year
• Homestead Act 1863 over 21 160 acres of
  land became yours if you built a house, dug a
  well, plowed at least 10 acres
• About 9 million people move to the cities because
  of the long drought from 1887 that affected
  farms competition from foreign wheat workers
• Promise of work and higher wages in factories
  encouraged rush to cities

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• Immigration to the United States
• from Northwestern and Central Europe
• Ireland - Potato Blight Disease 1845-1847
  three-quarters of crop destroyed Starvation By
  1851 one million people had died during Irish
  Famine outbreak of Typhus in poor areas
• Germany From 1850s - Germans living in poverty
  political instability
• France Fleeing Revolution
• Britain Farmers and laborers

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Immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe

• Russia - after 1880, assassination of Alexander
  II Russian Jews blamed violent massacre of
  Jews called Pogroms
• Italy after 1890 - Overcrowded (one of the most
  overcrowded countries in Europe) high taxes low
  wages

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Immigration from Asia and Mexico

• Japan From Japan and Hawaii after America
  annexed Hawaii in 1898
• China 1850s rural villages came to work on
  railroads
• Mexico came to work on Southern Pacific and
  Santa Fe railroads later tried to escape Mexican
  Revolution

Just like the Civil War , World War 1 increased
the demand for labor and immigrants.
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Making the Voyage Giving up Everything you Know
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Overcrowded
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Cheap tickets No privacy, poor food, dirty
toilet facilities
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Steerage large open area beneath the ships deck
Many immigrants mostly children died from
illness and poor nutrition before reaching
America
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Arrival
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The Colossus Emma Lazarus

• "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled
  masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched
  refuse of your teeming shore, Send these, the
  homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I lift my lamp
  beside the golden door!"

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Ellis Island
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Coming off the ship ready to be processed
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Immediately taken to be screened
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1892 Law for Physical Examinations
Embarrassing screenings to search for
diseases like Tuberculosis and Trachoma eye
disease
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Quarantined kept alone in isolation to prevent
spread of disease in separate buildings like
these
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Screening

• Good moral character
• Intelligence
• Finances
• Loyalty to the Constitution
• Knowledge of United States History
• After 1906 Proficiency in English
• Women achieved citizenship through marriage

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• FACTS
• Except for Native Americans, America is a land of
  immigrants where all Americans are either recent
  immigrants or descendants of immigrants
• Immigration is always seen as a problem
• Established citizens often look down on
• new immigrants

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• When new arrivals come from a different country
  other than those from the established community
  (people already living here), the cultural habits
  and language of the new immigrants are viewed
  with prejudice and criticism
• Many new immigrants work in menial, low-paying,
  and dangerous jobs
• Treated with fear and criticism until they
  assimilate into the mainstream culture practiced
  by the established community

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Old Immigrants versus New Immigrants

• Old Immigrants New Immigrants

1880 1900s
Before 1880
Southern and Eastern Europeans, Asians, and
Mexicans
Northern and Western Europeans
Faced discrimination Different languages and
cultures
Faced challenge of a new world
Settled in cities Frontier was closed
Settled on the Frontier In the West
White Anglo-Saxon Protestants
Darker-skinned Jews or Catholics
Seen as less likely to fit in
Viewed as being more adaptable
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Prejudice strong

• Strong prejudices expressed by the older
  immigrants
• Claimed Nordic superiority (Germanic or
  Scandinavian in appearance, typically tall, blond
  and blue-eyed claims that this race is
  superior) over Latin, Slavic, Middle Eastern,
  and Asian newer immigrants
• Fear of losing jobs to workers willing to settle
  for lower wages
• Older stock of immigrants felt that America
  would lose its character and flavor
• In 1920s, Government would pass restrictive
  quotas restricting immigration from these parts
  and favoring only immigration from Northern and
  Western Europe
• Alien citizen of another country who lives in a
  foreign country with permission must obey laws
  but cannot vote or hold public office until they
  become a citizen of the new country
• Illegal Alien citizen of a country who has
  entered another country illegally with no
  permission to stay

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Prejudice against various Groups

• First set of German immigrants were accepted
• Jews from Germany and Eastern Europe (Russia)
  trying to escape anti-Semitism there different
  religion, language, customs, and appearance
• Italy faced similar prejudice religious
  prejudice against Catholic faith, language,
  customs

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Previous resentment against the Irish (older
Immigrants)

• Protestants resented Irish Catholics because of
  centuries of previous religious wars in Europe
• Wave of Irish Immigrants had been poor they
  were fleeing famine
• People tend to associate being poor with crime,
  drunkenness, and irresponsibility

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• Asians Chinese immigrants - resentment against
  their different language and customs
• Japanese 120,000 evacuated or deported during
  World War Two

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After Japan attacks Pearl harbor - 1941
Evacuation of all Japanese immigrants Alien or
non-alien from Los Angeles
Families separated 120,000 in Internment camps
Taken to prison camps
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Mexican Immigrants

• Oldest and newest inhabitants of our country
• Already living in Southern and Western regions of
  the continent before the United States was even
  formed
• Mix of Spain, Mexico, and indigenous cultures

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Lesson to be learned

• A nation has a right to defend itself
• This should not be at the cost of civil liberties
• We must learn from the past so mistakes will not
  be repeated

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Fears about Immigration

• Afraid of change
• Afraid of unknown
• Human shortcoming (fault) that we look more at
  what makes us different instead of looking at
  what makes us the same
• We forget that with the exception of native
  Americans we are ALL either recent immigrants
  or the descendants of immigrants
• Every new wave of immigrants was treated with
  fear and unwillingness to accept them

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Pros and Cons of Immigration

• For
  Against

• Contribute greatly to economic growth
• for example agriculture and technology
• Cheaper labor lowers cost of production
• Provides country with skilled laborers
• Brings wealth and diversity of talent and
  professional experience from other countries
• It also fills unattractive positions in fields
• of agriculture, construction, service jobs,
• janitorial positions
• Will help sustain pension benefits of
• aging American population cash surpluses of
  Social Security has fallen
• Baby boomers about to reach retirement by
  2025, only two workers per retiree

• Overpopulation, overcrowding
• Health, education, and other
• social service costs to take
• care of immigrants put burden on
• taxpayers illegal immigrants do not
• pay taxes
• Immigrants can take away jobs from
• legal residents
• They can lower wages when employers
• refuse to pay more to legal workers
• Some immigrants send earnings
• Out of country to support family abroad
• so income does not benefit America
• Issue of law broken by illegal entry

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Awareness of root cause Imperialism

• Imperialism One country larger world power
  controlling the political and economic life of
  another country
• Imperialism led to poor and struggling economies
  in less powerful countries
• European and American companies like banks and
  other corporations reaped profits from these
  underdeveloped countries
• Underdeveloped countries lost billions to U.S.
  and foreign companies through these countries
  ownership of poorer countries telecommunications,
  airlines, banking, mining, steel, and water
  resources, as well as health care, education, and
  forestry
• More powerful country uses resources of poorer
  countries to build manufacturing in richer
  country poorer countries forced to focus on
  mining and agriculture not developing their
  manufacturing and being forced to buy finished
  products from imperialist country
• Resources lost Chile copper Bolivia tin
  Venezuela and Mexico oil Haiti, bauxite
  Africa used for toxic waste dumps by foreign
  companies

Butterfly Effect
One action affects another
Flap of a butterflys wings can change the
weather
Social Darwinism Only The Fittest Survive
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• How do we solve the Immigration Issue?
• By recognizing that while it is an economic and
  political issue, it is, above all,
• a HUMAN issue.

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Maine, Vermont, NY New Hamp, Mass.
SD
ID
NJ
UT
AZ
CA
OK
Al, Georgia, NC, SC, Miss Louisiana
NM
TX
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Where They Settled

• Most immigrants initially landed in New York City
• Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New Orleans
• Workers for heavy industry cities in New York,
  Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Minnesota
• Poles and Italians Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit,
  Milwaukee
• German Immigrants Texas, Midwest, New York,
  Pennsylvania
• Jewish Americans cities like New York, Chicago,
  Boston
• Only 2 in South
• 1892 Ellis Island New York harbor immigrant
  screening station 12 million immigrants

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My Cultural Eye
Who Am I?
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