ENG 312: Midsemester Exam Language Awareness by Eschholz, Rosa and Clark 9th Edition 2005, pages 142

1
ENG 312 Midsemester ExamLanguage Awareness by
Eschholz, Rosa and Clark9th Edition (2005),
pages 1-420

• by Don L. F. Nilsen
• And Stella Hadjistassou

2
CONTRAST THE FOLLOWING

• Helen Kellers epiphany vs. Malcolm Xs epiphany
  vs. David Raymonds epiphany
• Denotation vs. Connotation
• Sign vs. Symbol
• Strong vs. Weak form of the Whorf Hypothesis
• Cognates vs. False Cognates

3
CONTRAST MALE VS. FEMALE CONVERSATIONS

• Status vs. Support
• Independence vs. Intimacy
• Advice vs. Understanding
• Information vs. Feelings
• Orders vs. Proposals
• Conflict vs. Compromise

4
CONTRAST MALE VS. FEMALE LANGUAGE STRATEGIES

• Tag Questions
• Rising Intonations
• Hedges
• Indirect Language
• Diminutives
• Euphemism
• Politeness Phenomena

5
DEFINITIONS

• classical definition
• dead metaphor
• Ebonics
• epiphany
• euphemism
• grammatical gender
• morphophonemic spelling system
• semantic inversion

6
EXAMPLES 1

• Doublespeak
• Euphemism
• Gobbledygook
• Inflated Language
• Jargon
• Weasel Words

7
EXAMPLES 2

• Name Calling
• Glittering Generality
• Plain-Folks Appeal
• Stroking (Argument ad Populum)
• Argument ad Hominem
• Guilt or Glory by Association
• Bandwagon
• Faulty Cause and Effect
• False Analogy
• Begging the Question
• The two-Extremes Fallacy (False Dilemma)
• Card Stacking (Cherry Picking)
• Testimonial

8
EXPLANATIONS

• Audience, Knowledge, Attitude, Needs
• Traduttore, traditore! (The translator is a
  traitor)
• Explain the Great English Vowel Shift

9
HISTORY OF ENGLISH

• Contrast Old English and Modern English in terms
  of the following
• Phonology
• Orthography
• Morphology
• Syntax
• Semantics

10
IDENTIFICATIONS

• S. I. Hayakawa
• William Labov
• William Lutz
• Robert MacNeil
• George Orwell

11
LISTINGS (5-POINTS EACH)

• 5 differences between Spanish and English
• 5 features of Nonstandard Black English
• 5 eponyms
• 5 Romance languages
• 5 Germanic languages
• 5 Slavic languages

12
NAMES

• Tell what names each of the following people had
  after they changed their names Frederic
  Austerlitz, Benjamin Kubelsky, Bernard Schwartz,
  Doris Von Keppelhoff, Robert Zimmerman, James
  Bumgardner, and Marian Michael Morrison.
• ANSWERS Fred Astaire, Jack Benny, Tony Curtis,
  Doris Day, Bob Dylan, James Garner, and John Wayne

13
SHORT-ANSWER ESSAY (5 POINTS)

• Explain the nature of slanting.
• Contrast levels of adequacy (prescriptive,
  descriptive, explanatory, evaluative)
• Contrast power and solidarity
• Contrast lecturing and listening
• Discuss the notion that English is a superior
  language

14
LONG-ANSWER ESSAY (10 PTS)

• Explain the differences between male and female
  language.
• Explain in detail how non-standard dialects tend
  to be more logical than standard dialects.
• In detail, compare and contrast human language
  with the communication systems of other animals.

15
Contrast the following kinds of truth

• Empirical truth (true vs. false)
• Linguistic truth (tautology vs. contradiction)
• Metaphorical truth (apt vs. inept)

16
!PowerPoints

• HISTORY OF ENGLISH One feature each to Contrast
  Old English and Modern English Phonology,
  Morphology, Graphology, Syntax, and Semantics
• HUMOR Give 3 Features, 3 Functions, and 3
  Subjects of Humor
• LITERARY GENRES Give four literary genres and an
  example of each
• PROSE STYLES--LISTING List ten qualities of
  Tough, Sweet, or Stuffy Language (I choose the
  prose style)

17
!!PowerPoints Continued

• REGIONAL AND SOCIAL DIALECTS Give five
  phonological tests that will help to determine
  where a person spent the first six or so years of
  his or her life.
• SEMANTIC GAPS Be able to give an example of each
  of the following Acronym, Blend, Borrowing,
  Clipping, Coinage, Compound, Meaning Shift,
  Metathesis, Part-of-Speech Change Prefixation,
  and Suffixation

18
!!!PowerPoints (Continued)

• URBAN LEGENDS (10 PTS) Tell an urban legend
  (5pts), and explain the dramatic devices used (5
  pts)
• USAGE Given sentences from the Usage handout, be
  able to correct those sentences.
• VARIES Give an example of word marked for each
  of the following V-Vocation (Jargon), A-Age,
  R-Region, I-Informality, E-Ethnicity, S-Sex