90% 0f Plasma is water

1
(90 0f Plasma is water)
2
Plasma contents

• 92 Water
• 8 Salts and organic molecules
• Salts help to maintain pH of blood
• Small molecules like Glucose and Amino acids
  nourish cells
• Urea excreted

• Plasma proteins buffer blood homeostasis
• Albumin osmotic pressure of blood transports
  bilirubin
• Globulin transport cholesterol immune function
• Fibrinogen blood clotting

3
Body Fluids related to Blood

• Blood Formed elements and Plasma
• Plasma Liquid portion of blood
• Serum Plasma minus Fibrinogen
• Tissue Fluid Plasma minus most proteins
• Lymph Tissue fluid with Lymphatic vessels

4
Major Blood Groups

• Discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901
• Difference due to presence or absence of proteins
  called antigens and antibodies
• Antigens surface of RBC
• Antibodies Blood plasma

20 genetically identified blood types, but only
ABO and RH are common and used
5
ABO Blood Type
Blood Plasma
6
Agglutination of RBCs
After addition of serum containing anti-A
antibodies
Before addition of serum containing anti-A
antibodies
7
Rh if antigen present on cell surface
Rh- if antigen absent on cell surface
Erythroblastis foetalis Rh mishap in kids
8
RBC Troubles

• Hemolysis
• Anemia
• Hemophilia
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Leukemia

9
(Exchange area)
10
Cardiovascular system

• Includes circulatory and respiratory system
  (cardio heart vascular lungs)
• Today
• Heart the ultimate laborer
• Parts of the heart, characteristics, function
• Circulation patterns
• Blood pressure, cardiac cycle and cardiac rhythm
• Heart diseases and treatments offered

11
THE HEART Ultimate Biological Pump

• Located behind sternum and between lungs
• Pumps blood throughout the entire body
• Pericardium, fibrous sac that surrounds the heart
  (protects and lubricates)
• Endocardium, inner chambers have a smooth lining
  (connective tissue)

12
Working of the heart

• Average weight 10 - 12 ounces
• Average heart rate 72 beats per minute
• 100,000 beats per day
• 2.7 billion beats over a lifetime
• Heart pumps over 300 quarts of blood an hour
• Pumping 300,000 tons of blood over a life time
• There are 59,951 miles of blood vessels in your
  body!

13
Characteristics of the cardio-vascular system

• Closed circuit
• Elastic and not rigid
• Heart fills passively, and at no point of time is
  it completely filled
• High energy job

• The rate of circulation is determined by factors
  outside the heart
• Blood flow from heart follow traffic rules
  while blood to the heart is continuous

14
HEART Parts available for rent!!!!!!!!!
15
Human Heart

• 4 chambers
• right atrium
• left atrium
• right ventricle
• left ventricle

Upper half of heart
Lower half of the heart
16
(No Transcript)
17
Circulation of blood

• Follows a closed circuit (goes around in a
  circle)
• Two types of circulation
• Systemic circulation where blood flows from the
  heart to the other parts of the body and back
• Heart Body Heart
• Pulmonary circulation where blood flows from
  heart to lungs and back
• Heart Lungs Heart

18
Closer view of the Cardio-Vascular system,
including the lungs
19
Networks of circulation

• Arteries These carry the pure blood from heart
  to all parts of the body
• Veins These carry the impure blood from all
  parts of the body to the heart
• Pure Blood Blood rich in oxygen (AKA)
  Oxygenated blood
• Impure Blood Blood poor in oxygen, but rich in
  Carbon-di-oxide (AKA) Deoxygenated blood

20
(No Transcript)
21
Exception

• Pulmonary artery
• It carries impure blood from the heart to the
  lungs
• Pulmonary vein
• It carries pure blood from the lungs to the heart

That is why the weird pulmonary circulation is
studied separately instead of combining with the
normal systemic circulation of blood!
22
Circulation One way flow of blood
Deoxygenated or impure blood from all over the
body
Superior and Inferior vena cavae (veins)
Drained into RIGHT ATRIUM of the heart
Tricuspid valve
VEINS
Flows into the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart
Pulmonary artery
Lungs (becomes pure blood by getting oxygenated)
Pulmonary vein
Drained into the LEFT ATRIUM of the heart
Bicuspid (AKA) Mitral valve
Flows into the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart
Dorsal aorta (biggest artery)
Supplied to all parts of body
23
Cardio-vascular system laid open with circulatory
network
24
Inside the right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
25
Left atrium
26
Left ventricle
Mitral valve (AKA) Bicuspid valve
27
Aorta