The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias Achievements

1
The Millennium Development GoalsMalaysias
Achievements

• Dr. Richard Leete
• UNDP Resident Representative for Malaysia,
  Singapore and Brunei Darussalam
• May 14, 2005
• HELP University College

2
MDGs - Context
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements

• September 2000 Millennium Declaration (MD) agreed
  by 189 world leaders contains 8 mutually
  reinforcing time-bound goals (MDGs)
• MDGs an accountability framework and a global
  partnership for progressively eradicating
  poverty in all its dimensions
• MDGs synthesise goals of 1990s global UN
  conferences
• MDGs are international communitys commitment to
  eradicate poverty by 2015
• at forefront of global development agenda
• in addition to income, non-income dimensions
  include health, education, womens empowerment,
  and environmental management
• September 2005 UN General Assembly will review
  progress of MD implementation, especially of
  MDGs
• most countries have prepared national MDG reports

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The 8 MDGsEach has time bound targets and
indicators
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements

• MDG 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• Target 1 1/2 of people whose income ltUS1 a
  day
• MDG 2 Achieve universal primary education
• MDG 3 Promote gender equality and empower
  women
• MDG 4 Reduce child mortality
• Target 5 Reduce by 2/3 between 1990 and 2015
  U5MR
• Indicators (i) U5MR
• (ii) IMR
• (iii) of children immunized against
  measles
• MDG 5 Improve maternal health
• MDG 6 Combat HIV-AIDS, malaria and other
  diseases
• Target 7 Have halted by 2015 and begun to
  reverse spread of HIV/AIDS
• MDG 7 Ensure environmental sustainability

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The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements
Some regions are reducing extreme poverty in
others poverty is on the rise
Linear trend from 1990-2000
Current trend
MDG goal in 2015
MDG goal in 2015
Ahead of target
Population living in extreme poverty ()
Behind target
Middle East and North Africa
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
East Asia and Pacific
5
In Malaysia poverty MDG targets already achieved
projected to be eliminated before 2015
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements
35
Trend from 1990 - 2002
1990
Extrapolated trend
30
Target in 2015
Ahead of target
25
1990
Households living below poverty line ()
20
1990
1990
2002
15
10
2002
5
2002
2002
0
MALAYSIA
Pen. Malaysia
Sabah
Sarawak
6
Equality and Non-DiscriminationBasic HR
principles
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements

• Disaggregation of MDG indicators key for
  targeting pro-poor policies and strategies
• Sex, age, ethnicity, location, income, etc
• Huge poor-rich differentials in social outcomes
• Differentials in access and quality of social
  services
• Cultural and traditional barriers
• Lack of womens empowerment
• Resource gaps, financial and human, to supply
  basic social services to poorest

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Progress of poverty reduction in all states,
1990-2002, but some still lagging
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements
Sabah
Progress
Terengganu
2002
1990
Kedah
Kelantan
Sarawak
Perak
Perlis
Melaka
Pahang
Johor
N. Sembilan
Pulau Pinang
Selangor
Kuala Lumpur
MALAYSIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Households living below poverty line ()
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Poverty rates vary markedly among Sarawaks
diverse communities
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements
Poverty rates 2002
Sarawak 5.8 Bumiputera
8.0 Malays 5.0 Ibans
10.0 Chinese
1.0
Population 2000 2,008.8 thousands
9
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements
MDG 2 Achieve universal primary education
Almost all Malaysian children enroll in school
but boys are less likely to attend at secondary
10
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements
MDG 3 Promote gender equality and empower women
Share of Malaysian women in political life still
low
11
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements
MDG 4 Reduce child mortality
Improvements in child mortality have been
spectacular in all states
12
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements
MDG 5 Improve maternal health
Maternal mortality has reached low levels among
Malaysians making further improvement difficult
13
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements
MDG 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases
HIV/AIDS a growing issue, particularly for
Malaysian males
14
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements
Injecting drug users most at risk of HIV
1986-2002
15
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements
MDG 7 Ensure environmental sustainability
Extending improved water coverage still a
challenge for Malaysia in outlying rural areas
16
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements
MDG 8 Develop a global partnership for
development
Partnerships through Malaysia Technical
Cooperation Programme increasing
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Conclusion
The Millennium Development Goals Malaysias
Achievements

• Significant progress in improving social and
  economic outcomes in Malaysia yet sharp
  differentials persist  
• Need policies and programmes that put equity at
  core and contribute to reducing inequities   
• Target interventions, and budgets, towards
  poorest groups, especially rural women
• Improve data collection to allow for better
  identification of vulnerable groups