Chapter Objectives

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Chapter Objectives

• In this chapter, you will learn
• About networks, network protocols, and network
  architectures
• How networking works with Windows
• How to install a network card, connect to a
  network, and share network resources
• About Internet technologies and how to access the
  Internet

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Network Types and Architectures

• A network is a collection of computers and
  devices connected together to share resources,
  such as hardware, software, data, and information
• Bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can
  travel over a given communication system in a
  given amount of time
• A PC makes a direct connection to a network by
  way of a network adapter
• Network interface card (NIC)

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LANs, MANs, and WANs

• A local area network (LAN) connects computers and
  devices in a relatively small area
• A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a high-speed
  network that connects LANs in a metropolitan area
  such as a city or town
• A wide area network (WAN) covers a large
  geographic area

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Physical Network Topologies
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Logical Network Architecture

• The network architecture is a logical model that
  defines the design and interaction of the
  computers, devices, and media on a network
• Client/Server
• One or more computers acts as a server and the
  other computers on the network request services
  from the server
• Peer-to-Peer
• Each computer on the network has equal
  responsibilities and capabilities on the network

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Logical Network Architecture
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Network Hardware Protocols

• Network protocols are rules that define how the
  hardware devices and software operate and work
  together
• Ethernet
• Hardware protocol that allows nodes to contend
  for access to the network
• Token Ring and FDDI
• Token ring is an older LAN technology that
  controls access to the network by requiring
  devices on the network to pass a special signal
  called a token
• FDDI is similar to token ring, but uses a
  dial-ring approach

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Types of Ethernet
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Types of Network Cables
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Configuring Ethernet Networks

• Ethernet networks can be configured using either
  a bus or star topology
• A bridge typically connects one LAN to another
  LAN that uses the same hardware protocol
• A switch works much like a bridge, but does not
  broadcast messages

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Configuring Ethernet Networks
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Wireless LANs

• Wireless LAN (WLAN) technology uses radio waves
  or infrared light instead of cables or wires to
  connect computers or other devices
• A computer connects to a wireless LAN using a
  wireless NIC
• A device can communicate directly with another
  device, or it can connect to a LAN by way of a
  wireless access point (AP)

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Wireless LANs802.11 Standards
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How NICs Work

• A NIC is designed to support one of the network
  hardware protocols
• A NIC can be internal or external
• Before sending data from a computer, a NIC must
  convert the data into a signal that is
  appropriate for network cabling
• The component on the card responsible for this
  signal conversion is called the transceiver
• Ethernet cards that accommodate different cabling
  media are called combo cards

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How NICs Work
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Network Protocols

• Windows supports three suites of network
  protocols
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet
  Protocol)
• IPX/SPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange / Sequenced
  Packet Exchange)
• NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface)
• Binding occurs when an operating system-level
  protocol such as TCP/IP associates itself with a
  lower-level hardware protocol such as Ethernet

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Addressing on a Network

• A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a 6-byte
  address, often expressed as six pairs of
  hexadecimal numbers and letters, often separated
  by hyphens
• An IP address is a 32-bit address consisting of a
  series of four 8-bit numbers separated by periods
• A port number identifies a program or service
  running on a computer to communicate over the
  network
• Character-based names are used to identify a PC
  on a network with easy-to-remember letters rather
  than numbers

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MAC Addresses
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IP Addresses
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Port Numbers
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How Computers Find Each Other on a LAN

• DNS (Domain Name System) is a system that
  determines the IP address associated with host
  names and domain names
• DNS Server
• WINS (Windows Internet Naming Service) is a
  system that determines the IP address associated
  with a client or server computer running on a
  Windows network using the NetBEUI protocol

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Connecting to a Network

• Install the Network Interface Card
• Name the computer on the network
• Connect to the network

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Installing a Wireless NIC and Connecting to a
Wireless LAN

• Install any software that came with the NIC
• Install the wireless NIC
• Start the PC and install the drivers
• The NIC will attempt to connect to access points
  already set up
• Consult the documentation if the wireless
  connection is not working

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Installing a Wireless NIC and Connecting to a
Wireless LAN
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Sharing Files, Folders, and Applications

• If users on a LAN need to share applications,
  files, or printers, then all these users must be
  assigned to the same domain or workgroup on the
  LAN
• To share resources, you first must install Client
  for Microsoft Networks and File and Printer
  Sharing
• These two components are installed by default
  when you install Windows XP using the Typical
  setting

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Mapping a Network Drive

• Mapping a network drive is one of the most
  powerful and versatile methods of communicating
  over a network
• The mapped drive appears as if it is a drive
  directly on the PC

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Troubleshooting a Network Connection

• Some methods and steps to resolve networking
  issues
• Determine whether other computers on the network
  are having trouble with their connections
• Make sure the NIC and its drivers are installed
• Check the network cable
• Connect the network cable to a different port on
  the hub
• Ping and Ipconfig

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Routers

• A router is a communications device that manages
  the delivery of data traveling over
  interconnected networks

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TCP/IP Suite of Protocols
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Connecting to the InternetDial-up Modems
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Connecting to the InternetDSL Modems
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Connecting to the InternetCable Modems
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Connecting to the Internet Using Dial-up
Networking

• To connect to the Internet over a telephone line
  using a dial-up connection, you need to have a
  modem installed on your PC
• When a Windows PC connects to a network using a
  modem and regular telephone line, the process is
  called dial-up networking
• The modem on your PC acts like a network card

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How Dial-up Networking Works
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Using a Dial-up Connection in Windows XP

• In order for your PC to connect to your ISP and
  use the Internet, you must know
• The dial-up access telephone number of the ISP
• Your user ID and password for the ISP
• If DNS servers will be assigned at connection
• How your IP address will be assigned

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Installing and Configuring a Cable Modem

• Install the network card and drivers to control
  the card
• Use a network cable to connect the PC to a cable
  modem or DSL box
• Install TCP/IP to bind TCP/IP to the card
• Configure TCP/IP using the settings provided by
  the cable service provider
• Test the connection using application software

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Installing and Configuringa DSL Modem
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Implementing a Firewall

• A firewall can function in several ways
• Firewalls can filter data packets, examining the
  destination IP address or source IP address or
  the type of protocol used (for example, TCP or
  UDP)
• Firewalls can filter ports so outside clients
  cannot communicate with inside services listening
  at these ports
• Firewalls can filter applications such as FTP so
  users inside the firewall cannot use this service
  over the Internet
• Some firewalls can filter information such as
  inappropriate Web content for children or
  employees

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Hardware Firewall
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Software Firewall
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Accessing Internet Resources Using a Web Browser

• A Web browser is a software application on a
  users PC that is used to request Web pages from
  a Web server on the Internet or an intranet
• A Web page is a document on the Web identified by
  a unique URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) can be
  interpreted by a Web browser to display formatted
  text, graphics, images, forms, and so on

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How a URL is Structured
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Chapter Summary

• In this chapter, you learned
• About networks, network protocols, and network
  architectures
• How networking works with Windows
• How to install a network card, connect to a
  network, and share network resources
• About Internet technologies and how to access the
  Internet

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• Chapter 10 Complete