StudentAthletes

1
Student-Athletes

• Doug Smith
• Heidi Hutchings
• Kate Costanzo

2
Intercollegiate Athletic Organizations

• NCAA
• Division I
• Division II
• Division III
• NAIA

• NJCAA
• Junior College
• Community College

3
Demographics

• Gender, Race, SAT
• Men 67.8 White
• Women 78 White
• 1089 Mean SAT
• 2564 Men/ School
• 3065 Women/School

4
Graduation Rates
5
Historical Perspective

• Colonial Colleges
• Gymnasium Movement
• Charles T. Follen

http//www.harvard-magazine.com/on-line/0902141.ht
ml
6
Early Intercollegiate Contests

• 1st Intercollegiate contest was a boat race
  between Harvard and Yale in 1852

http//rowinghistory.net/Time20Line/TL201850-189
9im.htm
7
Early Intercollegiate Contests

• 1st Football Game Played in 1869 between
  Princeton and Rutgers
• Call for reform
• NCAA
• NAIA
• NJCAA

http//www.princeton.edu/football/slides/sldframe.
htm
8
Women in Athletics

• Title IX 1972
• Preamble
• no person in the United States shall, on the
  basis of sex, be excluded from participation in,
  be denied the benefits of, or be subject to
  discrimination under any educational programs or
  activity receiving federal financial assistance
  (U.S. Department of Education, 1997).

http//cc.brockport.edu/library1/womens3htm
9
Interviews

• Jon
• NCAA DIII
• Tennis
• Jen
• NAIA
• Softball

• James
• NCAA DI
• Hockey
• Bambi
• NCAA DIII
• Basketball

10
Student-Athlete Issues

• Academic, athletic, personal demands
• Physical psychological pressures from athletic
  environment
• Stereotypes
• Discrimination
• Social isolation
• Retirement from active competition
• (Street, 1999)

11
Student-Athlete Issues (continued)

• Time management
• Stress
• Burnout
• Time constraints
• Fear of failure
• Finances
• (Murray, 1999)

Im just trying to make it through, Student
Athlete Jon.
12
Student Affairs Implications Suggestions

• Develop an understanding of college athletics
• Develop an understanding of student-athletes at
  your institution
• Conduct systematic inquiry regarding
  student-athletes and athletic programs
• Be flexible in offering programs, workshops,
  counseling, and academic advising
• Provide opportunities for student affairs
  practitioners, faculty, and coaches to discuss
  issues pertaining to student-athletes
• Create courses and seminars to assist students in
  their dual roles as students and athletes
• Form a network of alumni who were
  student-athletes to serves as role models for
  current student-athletes

13
Services for Student-Athletes

• Academic Support for Student-Athletes
• CHAMPS/Life Skills Program
• (Challenging Athletes Minds for Personal
  Success)

14
References

• Boggan, D. (1999). Student-athlete welfare or
  welfare. In S. Robinson (Ed.), Gaining the
  competitive edge Enriching the collegiate
  experience of the new student-athlete (pp.
  41-46). Columbia, SC University of South
  Carolina, National Resource Center for the
  First-Year Experience Students in Transition.
• Broughton, E., Neyer, M. (2001). Advising and
  counseling student athletes. In Howard-Hamilton,
  M. F., Watt, S. K. (Eds.), New directions for
  student services, 93, (pp. 47-53). San Francisco,
  CA Jossey-Bass.
• Brown, G. T. (1999, November 22). NCAA answers
  call to reform. The NCAA News.
• Retrieved September 24, 2004, from
  http//www.ncaa.org/news/1999/ 19991122/active/362
  4n24.html
• Carodine, K., Almond, K. F., Gratto, K. K.
  (2001). College student athlete success both in
  and out of the classroom. In Howard-Hamilton, M.
  F., Watt, S. K. (Eds.), New directions for
  student services, 93, (pp. 19-33). San Francisco,
  CA Jossey-Bass.
• DuBois, P.E. (1999). Title IX A critique from
  the underclass. Physical Educator, 56(3),
  159-167.
• Gaston-Gayles, J.L. (2004) Examining academic and
  athletic motivation among student Athletes at a
  division I university. Journal of College
  Student Development, 45(1), 75-83.
• Hawes, K. (1999a, November 8). The NCAA century
  seriesPart I 1900-39 its object
• shall be regulation and supervision. The NCAA
  News. Retrieved September 24, 2004, from
  http//www.ncaa.org/news/1999/19991108/active/3623
  n27.html
• Hawes, K. (1999b, November 8). The NCAA century
  seriesPart I 1900-39 Roosevelts love of sport
  led to NCAAs birth. The NCAA News. Retrieved
  September 24, 2004, from http//www.ncaa.org/news/
  1999/19991108/active/3623n27.html
• Hawes, K. (1999c, December 6). Womens sports
  enter NCAA arena. The NCAA News. Retrieved
  September 24, 2004, from http//www.ncaa.org/news/
  1999/19991206/active/3625n32.html
• Hill, K., Burch-Ragan, K. M., Yates, D. Y.
  (2001). Current and future issues and trends
  facing student athletes and athletic programs. In
  Watt, S. K., Howard-Hamilton, M. F. (Eds.), New
  directions for student services, 93, (pp. 65-80).
  San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass.
• Howard-Hamilton, M.F. Sina, J.A. (2001). How
  college affects student athletes. In
  Howard-Hamilton, M. F., Watt, S. K. (Eds.), New
  directions for student services, 93, (pp. 35-45).
  San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass.
• Huang, Y. Chang, S. (2004). Academic and
  cocurricular involvement Their relationship and
  the best combinations for student growth. Journal
  of College Student Development, 45(4), 391-406.
• Jordan, J. M., Denson, E. L. (1990). Student
  services for athletes A model for enhancing the
  student-athlete experience. Journal of Counseling
  Development, 69(1), 95-97.

15
References (continued)

• Keegan, L. (2002). Equal opportunity in education
  and sport. Gender Issues, 20(2/3), 61-64.
• Lance, L. M. (2004). Gender differences in
  perceived role conflict among university
  student-athletes. College Student Journal, 38(2),
  179-190.
• Murray, M. (1999). NCAA CHAMPS/Life skills
  program Results of the help-seeking survey
  research project. In S. Robinson (Ed.), Gaining
  the competitive edge Enriching the collegiate
  experience of the new student-athlete (pp.
  47-55). Columbia, SC University of South
  Carolina, National Resource Center for the
  First-Year Experience Students in Transition.
• NAIA advantages. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24,
  2004, from http//www.naia.org/legislative/advanta
  ges.html
• NAIA history. (n.d.). Retrieved September 16,
  2004, from http//www.naia.org/campaign/history/hi
  story.html
• NCAA Research and Publications. (n.d.). Retreived
  September 15, 2004, from http//www2.ncaa.org/
  media_and_events/ncaa_publications/research/index.
  html
• NCAA time line1990-99. (1999, December 20). The
  NCAA News. Retrieved September 24, 2004, from
  http//www.ncaa.org/news/1999/19991220/active/3626
  n27.html
• NJCAA history. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24,
  2004, from http//www.njcaa.org/history.cfm
• NJCAA membership. (n.d.). Retrieved November 15,
  2004, from http//www.njcaa.org/advertising.cfm
• Peterman, D.S. (2000). Athletics and student
  development in the community college. Community
  College Journal of Research and Practice, 24(9),
  767-769.
• Rudolph, F. (1990). The American college and
  university A history. Athens, GA The University
  of Georgia Press.
• Street, J. M. (1999). Self-efficacy A tool for
  providing effective support services for
  student-athletes. In S. Robinson (Ed.), Gaining
  the competitive edge Enriching the collegiate
  experience of the new student-athlete (pp.
  19-29). Columbia, SC University of South
  Carolina, National Resource Center for the
  First-Year Experience Students in Transition.
  
• Suggs, W. (1999, December 3). Scandals force
  college to reassess roles of academic advisers
  for athletes. The Chronicle of Higher Education,
  p. A51.
• Suggs, W. (2004, August 6). Division II council
  approves reporting of graduation rates. The
  Chronicle of Higher Education, p. A34.
• The history of the NCAA. (n.d.). Retrieved
  September 24, 2004, from http//www.ncaa.org/about
  /history.html
• Thombs, D.L. (2000). A test of the perceived
  norms model to explain drinking patterns among
  university student athletes. Journal of American
  College Health, 49(2), 75-63.
• U.S. Department of Education. (June, 1997). Title
  IX 25 years of progress. Retrieved November 3,
  2004, from http//www.ed/gov/pubs/TitleIX/index.ht
  ml
• Watt, S.K. Moore III, J.L. (2001). Who are
  student athletes? In Howard-Hamilton, M. F.,
  Watt, S. K. New directions for student services,
  93, (pp.7-18).
• Whats the difference between Divisions I, II,
  and III? (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2004,
  from http//www.ncaa.org/about/div_criteria.html