Ontology Definition Metamodel Initial Submission Overview

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Ontology Definition Meta-model Initial
Submission Overview

• In response to OMG RFP ad/2003-03-04

Submitted by Gentleware
Supported by ATT
Presented by Lewis L Hart ATT Government
Solutions
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Key Ideas

• UML models are ontologies, not UML modeling of
  ontologies.
• Analogous UML entities used wherever possible
• Un-stereotyped UML entities mapped to reasonable
  ontological concepts
• Maximize applicability and user community
• Leverages the UML user community expertise and
  experience
• Largely applicable to existing legacy of UML
  models

• Ontological representations based on RDF
• Same foundation as DAML and OWL, but not just
  those
• Most widely used ontology language family.
• Ontology management through UML
• Round trip engineering
• Integration with other services

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Compatibility of UML and OWL
Not a complete overlap of worldviews.

• UML Worldview
• Includes Behavior
• Control Scoping
• Ownership
• Limited Meta-levels
• Optional Naming

• OWL/DL Worldview
• Structure only
• Global Scoping
• No Ownership
• Less Limited Meta-levels
• Required Names

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Multiple Meta-levels

• Each occurrence of a type-of relations changes
  meta-level.
• RDFS, DAML and OWL allow instance in one
  meta-level to be treated as classes from the
  level below.
• This results in unexpected situations of UML and
  most OO languages
• Entities (e.g. applY) are treated as an
  instance in one level and as classes in another.
• A single ontology can define three or more
  meta-levels with in a single model.

applY
// Invalid Java X Y new X() // Level 2 Y Q
new Y() // Level 3 Class Y extends Z //
Level 2
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Response Overview
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ODM Packages

• Generic ODM
• OWL Extension
• UML Profile

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ODM Core Model (1)

• ODMResource
• Specializes
• constructsClassifier
• constructsTypedElement
• All ODM elements specializes ODMResource

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ODM Core Model (2)

• .. in addition to ODMResource
• ODMClass
• Specializes constructsClass
• ODMProperty
• Specializes
• constructsClass
• constructsAssociation
• Analogous to AssociationClass

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ODM OWL Extension

• Adds OWL specific extensions to ODM Core package.
• Allows for other ontology languages

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UML Profile for OWL
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Packageable Elements

• Constraint
• OWL
• Dependency
• Import
• References
• IncompatibleWith
• backwardCompatibleWith
• Package
• Ontology

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Namespaces

• Namespace
• Depricated
• Class
• Class
• AssociationClass
• Property
• Datatype
• Datatype
• Enumeration
• Classifier
• Collection
• Provenance Class

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OWL Wine Example

• Uses the proposed UML Profile
• Widely know example ontology
• Originated at the KSL at Stanford
• http//www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/wine.rdf
• Used in the OWL Specifications and Guides.

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Properties

• Multiple representations
• As associations
• As stereotyped classes
• As Attributes (not shown)

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Collections

• Anonymous Collection and Enumeration of Instances
• OWL Constraint

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Individuals

• Links and Objects

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Proof of Concept
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Duet Overview

• DUET provides a UML visualization and authoring
  environment for ontologies.
• DAML now and OWL in early 2004
• Core ontology concepts are being mapped into UML
  through a UML profile and an Ontology Definition
  Metamodel.
• UML 1.4 now, UML/MOF 2.0 in late 2004
• DUET will have the capability to work with
  multiple ontologies simultaneously, and to
  interact with other ontology services to
  interactively build ontologies.
• It's intended users are database designers and
  systems engineers, many of who all ready have a
  good understanding of UML and object-oriented
  modeling, which they can leverage to apply
  ontologies to their systems.
• Prototype Version 0.3 of DUET is available as an
  Addin to Rational Rose, ArgoUML and Poseidon for
  UML.

Model Meta-data
Expert Knowledge
Ontology Services
Managed Ontologies
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WordNet Ontology
Example of an Ontology in UML from Duet.
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AeroDAML Ontology
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SONAT Ontology Overview
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SONAT OntologiesGestalt View
Social
Military