Feeding the Breeding Herd

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Feeding the Breeding Herd

• Dr. Hans H. Stein

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Feeding the Breeding HerdOutline

• 1. Pig Flow
• 2. Feeding Developing Gilts
• 3. Feeding the Gestating sow
• 4. Feeding the Lactating sow
• 5. Feeding from weaning to breeding
• 6. Feeding Boars.

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1. Pig Flow
Breeding Barn Boars, non-pregnant sows and gilts
Gestation Barn Gestating sows and gilts
Farrowing Barn Lactating sows, nursing piglets
Nursery Weaned pigs (3 to 8 weeks post-weaning)
Grow-Finish barn Growing-Finishing pigs (20 -
120 kg
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1. Pig Flow, Cont.
Gilt Pool Pool with replacement gilts, 20 - 120
Kg
Isolation Facility for incoming breeding
animals, 8 wks
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2. Feeding the developing gilt

• Nursery Regular Nursery diets - Ad Lib.
• 20 - 60 Kg Regular Grower diets - Ad Lib.
• 60-140 Kg Lactation diet - 80 of Ad Lib.

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3. Feeding the Gestating Gilt and Sow
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3.1 Objectives of feeding gestating sows and gilts

• 1. Maintenance
• 2. Fetal Growth
• 3. Maternal growth

The sow should be in top body condition by day 90
of gestation
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3.1.1 Maintenance Energy Requirement

• Maintenance Energy Requirement 106 kcal
  ME per kg0.75 (Metabolic BW) Example
• Sow weight 225 kg
• Kg0.75 58.1 kg
• Maint. Req. 6,159 kcal ME
• If 3,000 kcal/kg Req 2.05 kg feed/d

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3.1.2 Extra requirement for low temperature

• The maintenance req. is based on an
  environmental temperature of 20oC
• For each degree C, the temp. drops belov 20oC,
  the maintenance req. increases by 200 kcal ME/d.
• EX Temp. At 15oC Maint. Req. Increased by
  1000 kcal (0.33 kg) per d

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3.2 Fetal Growth

• Very low during first 90 days of gestation, - not
  counted for.
• Increases rapidly during last 3-4 weeks of
  gestation, usually set at 2,000 kcal ME per day

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3.3 Maternal Growth

• Sows will gain weight over the first 4 parities
• Sow wt increases by approximately 25 kg pr parity
  0.225 kg/d from d 1 to d 90 of gestation.
• Approximately 0.5 kg feed/d needed for maternal
  wt gain
• From d. 1 to d. 90 Feed according to body
  condition Not too thin, - not too fat

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3.4 Feeding strategies for gestating sows and
gilts
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3.4 Feeding Strategies for Gestating Sows and
Gilts

• 3.4.1 Day 1-21 Implantation
• 3.4.2 Day 22-90 Body condition
• 3.4.3 Day 91-112 Fetal Growth
• 3.4.4 Day 113-115 Prepare farrowing

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3.4.1. Implantation, Gilts.

• High plane of feeding during this period results
  in increased embryonic losses
• Recommendation Gilts should be fed no more than
  1.8 kg of feed per day from d. 1 to 21.

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3.4.1. Implantation, Sows

• No risk of loosing embryos from overfeeding
• If sows are stressed, embryos may be lost
• Hungry sows are stressed
• Recommendation Feed sows approximately 3 kg of
  feed per day from d. 1 to 21.

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3.4.2 Feeding from days 21 - 90,Sows and Gilts

• Objective Get gilts and sows in nice body
  condition before d. 90
• Recommendation Sows of average body condition
  are fed approximately 2.1 kg feed/day (at 20oC)
• Thin sows are fed more, - overweight sows are fed
  less
• It takes lots of feed to put weight on a sow
• Feed should be adjusted weekly

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3.4.3 Feeding from days 91 - 112,Sows and Gilts

• Objective Prepare sow for milk production
• Secure high piglet birth-weight
• Recommendation Feed 3-3.5 kg of feed per day (at
  20oC)
• If sows are overweight at day 90, dont increase
  feeding level
• If sows are overweight at farrowing, they get
  diabetes and reduce FI in lactation

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3.4.4 Feeding from days 113-115, Sows and Gilts

• Objective Prepare sows for parturition
• Recommendation Feed sows and gilts 1-1.5 kg per
  day.

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3.5 Feed Ingredients

• Grain Corn, sorghum, barley, wheat, oats,
• Byproducts Wheat bran, corngluten, DDGS
• Protein Soybean meal, Canola meal, Sunflower
  meal, Meat and bone meal, peas, etc.
• Fiber Alfalfa, sugar beet pulp, soy hulls
• Dont use synthetic amino acids in diets for
  gestating sows

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3.6 Nutrients

• Table 14 in Swine Nutrition Guide

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3.7 Feeding Times

• Gestating sows can be fed once or twice a day
• If group housed and floor fed Only feed every
  other day

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4. Feeding Lactating Sows
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4.1 Objectives of feeding lactating sows

• 1. High milk yield
• More milk decreases preweaning mortality and
  increases weaning weight
• 2. Prevent BW loss
• Low weight loss improves the chances of the sow
  returning to heat right after weaning

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4.2 Feeding strategy for lactating sows

• Day 1-2 2 kg per day
• Day 3-4 4 kg per day
• Day 5- weaning Ad Libitum

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4.3. How to get high feed intake

• Make sure water is available all the time
• Include fat in diet (Increases energy)
• Barn temperature around 20oC
• drip cooling if hot
• Feed at least 2 times a day
• Dont let feed sit in feeder

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4.4 Feed Ingredients for Lactating Sows

• Same as for gestating sows.
• Keep fiber levels relatively low
• OK to use synthetic Amino Acids
• Fish meal may be included
• Include oil or fat
• Dont change ingredients from gestation to
  lactation

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4.5. Nutrients in lactation diets

• Table 14 in Swine Nutrition Guide
• Nutrient requirement depend on milk yield and
  daily feed intake
• If FI low, more concentrated diets are needed.
• Vitamin fortification may need to be improved in
  high producing sows

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5. Feeding sows from weaning to breeding
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5.1 Feeding level and diet

• Objective
• To get sows back in heat
• To get high rate of ovulation
• To get high rate of fertilization
• Feed ad libitum
• Make sure there is enough water
• Feed lactation diet
• Supplement with sex mixture

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5.2. Sex Mixture

• Blend of fish meal, dextrose, and rolled oats
• Feed 0.5 to 1 kg per day from weaning to breeding
• Helps if you believe in it!
• No scientific data to back the use of this

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6. Feed breeding boars
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6. Feeding Strategy

• Developing boars Feed like developing gilts
• Boars in use Feed sow gestation diet and
  supplement with 0.4 kg soybean meal per day - or
  feed sow lactation diet
• Feed according to body condition approximately
  2.5-3 kg per day