We have changed some instinctive behaviors in animals example weariness is dogs. How did we change i

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The Dairy Industry
http//www.ncagr.com/stats/cnty_est/ctymlkyv.htm
(Jan. 1, 2005 values) 55,000 cows calved (down
3,00 from 2004) 17,649 lbs of milk was the
average yearly yield per cow in 2004 171 million
from Milk products in NC in 2004 (2.1 of total
AG) NC is ranked 30 within US for amt of milk
produced (top states?) Where in NC are most of
the dairies located?
West, cows tend to handle cold weather better
than warm weather
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  There are a few extra terms we need to
know to freshen   dry cow persistence    How
many bulls are on the average dairy
farm?      What happens to the bull calves that
are born?     What happens to the heifer calves?
   
to start milking after giving birth
cow not lactating (2 mo. out of the year)
how long the cow can produce milk
0, use AI
sold quickly (veal calves)
raised on a bottle .. Why?
management concerns
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  A cow only lactates after a calf is born.
Calving Management Bring cow up to maternity
pen   assist her only if necessary    
Watch for signs she is ready bring her to a
clean environment (What are some of these
signs?)
If 4 hrs of labor and no calf she may then need
help usually they do not need human help
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      After the calf is born   colostrum   c
alves bull calves, heifer calves  
She licks it dry (Why?)

They have to get it contains needed antibodies
nutrients
Already discussed this what happens to them?
The heifer calves (have their 1st baby) at _at_ 2
yrs of age.
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  The cow then produces milk for many months.
Diagram of a lactation curve (on overhead) Many
cows in the US are now given BST. What is BST
(repeat from Exam 1)?      What effect does BST
have on milk production?         What effect does
BST have on milk composition?  
Bovine somatatropin
Improves the persistence!
1st of all What does milk composition
mean? There is no effect on milk composition
from BST (does this differ from what you have
heard before?).
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  Milking Management (you should remember this
from lab!)   Automatic milking machines   Frequenc
y of milking   Prevention of mastitis   Treatment
of mastitis   How much milk does a dairy cow
produce?   1950 (Holstein cow)   2001 (Holstein
cow)  
Vacuum, pulsating machines that mimic calves
suckling
2- 3 times per day more milk w/ 3 but need more
labor
Good breeding, keep udders, cow equipment clean!
Antibiotics in the teat or the blood (can not
drink milk!)
5,000 lbs a year
20,000 lbs a year 2,000 gallons!
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  How does level of milk production influence a
cows ability to breed back?     What NC
conditions can make it difficult to get a cow
pregnant?  
If too thin it is hard to breed her back and for
her to stay pregnant!
Heat, humidity, stress!
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  The Dairy Industry in North Carolina   Fluid
milk production   NC Dairy farms are typically
owned by families! Dairy farms in NC are small
compared to some other states The dairy industry
in North Carolina is shrinking Number of dairy
cows in NC (thousands)  1994  1996  2000
2003 63,000  Now?  
Milk for drinking some cheeses (NC does not
produce enough for NC people!)
Arizona (5,000 cows per farm)
90,000
81,000
71,000
57,000 Losing around 3,000 cows a year
however we are still producing more milk than
we did in previous years! How?
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  Recent trends in the dairy industry   Grass-bas
ed dairying     BST     Breeds of dairy cattle
you should be familiar with  (http//www.ansi.oks
tate.edu/breeds/cattle/ ) Holstein
  Jersey  
Cost less, farmers get more of a life (less time
consuming for them), quality of cow life may
improve
_at_ 25 of NC dairies use it more in NY, less in
WI
Big, black white cow (high producing!)
Small brown lower producing but has higher
nutrients typically
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  Opportunities for employment in the dairy
industry   Herdsman   Milker   Calf manager  
West of the Rocky Mountains
Lots of jobs odd hours though
Raise heifers replacements