Kentucky Smoke Free Air Initiative

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Kentucky Smoke Free Air Initiative

• Veronica A. Nunley, MA, CPP
• Manager, Tobacco Environmental Strategies
  Prevention Enhancement Site

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Nothing Kills Like Tobacco
Source Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
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Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke Have Been
Documented by

• United States Surgeon General
• National Institute for Occupational Safety
  (NIOSH)
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
• National Cancer Institute

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The Environmental Protection Agencyhas
classified secondhand smoke as a group A
carcinogena substance known to cause cancer in
humans for which there is no safe level of
exposure. Other group A carcinogens include
arsenic, asbestos, benzene, and radionuclide, and
radon.
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Secondhand Smoke Contains

• Over 4,000 chemical compounds
• 5 regulated hazardous air pollutants
• 47 regulated hazardous wastes
• 60 known or suspected cancer-causing agents
• More than 100 chemical poisons

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Partial List of Known Carcinogens in Secondhand
Smoke

• Benzene
• Formaldehyde
• N-Nitrosodimethylamine
• O-Toluidine
• 2-Naphthylamine
• 4-Aminobiphenyl
• Benz(a)anthracene
• Polonium-210

• Benzo(a)pyrene
• Quinoline
• NNN
• NNK
• N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
• Cadmium
• Nickel

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Toxic Poisons in SecondhandTobacco Smoke

• Mercury
• Lead
• Arsenic
• Toluene
• Ammonia
• Butane
• Ethanol
• Methanol

• Carbon Monoxide
• Hydrogen Cyanide
• Acetone
• Tar
• DDT
• Naphthalene
• Vinyl Chloride

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Secondhand smoke is the third leading cause of
preventable death in the United States.
Secondhand smoke causes

• Lung Cancer
• Other Cancers
• Heart disease
• Acute and Chronic Adult Respiratory Symptoms
• Death of at least 53,000-65,000 nonsmokers in the
  United States each year (among these, the
  majority are from heart disease)

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Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke
1Estimated annual morbidity and mortality in
nonsmokers caused by exposure to secondhand
smoke, National Cancer Institute, National
Institutes of Health, 1999
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Childrens Secondhand Smoke Exposure Is Causally
Associated With

• Reduced fetal growth
• Acute lower respiratory infections
• Asthma induction and exacerbation
• Chronic respiratory symptoms
• Adverse impact on cognition and behavior
• Decreased pulmonary function
• Exacerbation of cystic fibrosis
• Middle ear disease
• Sudden infant death syndrome

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Secondhand smoke is the number one environmental
cause of cancer.
Secondhand Smoke Compared to Outdoor Air
Pollutants Regulated by the Federal Government
Source US EPA, 1992 Repace and Lowery, 1990
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Even short-term exposure (5 minutes to2 hours)
to secondhand smoke can increase the risk for
heart attack and stroke.

• Five minutes of exposure to secondhand smoke
  stiffens the aorta (the main artery carrying
  blood from the heart to the body)
• Twenty minutes exposure has substantial, adverse
  effects on the heart, blood, and blood vessels
• Thirty minutes of breathing secondhand smoke
  compromises the ability of blood to manage LDL
  cholesterol by depressing anti-oxidant defense
  (this effect persists for several hours after
  exposure ends)
• Two hours of breathing secondhand smoke can speed
  up the heart rate and, at the same time, reduce
  heart rate variability.

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Effects on Workers Health

• Levels of secondhand tobacco smoke
  in restaurants and bars is 1.6 to
  6 times higher than in office
  workplaces
• Servers have the greatest risk of developing lung
  cancer and heart disease compared to other
  occupation
• Bar workers inhale the same amount of 4
  aminobiphenyl (4ABP), a potent human carcinogen,
  as if they actively smoked 16 cigarettes, or
  about ¾ packs of cigarettes per day
• Even after adjusting for active smoking, alcohol
  intake, and socioeconomic status, California
  waitresses had death rates from lung cancer,
  heart disease, and overall mortality that were 1
  ½ times higher than those for all other female
  workers

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There are only two methods of protecting
nonsmokers

• Complete elimination of smoking in the building
• Establishment of separate, enclosed smoking areas
  that are separately ventilated and directly
  exhausted to the outside and with negative air
  pressure and not require employees to enter.

Employers have a common-law responsibility to
provide a safe and healthful workplace.
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Can Ventilation Protect the Health of Nonsmoking
Workers, Adults and Children?

Ventilation systems can reduce the cancer risk
from tobacco smoke to federally (US) accepted
levels however, the ventilation rate required to
reach the accepted levels would create a
virtual windstorm indoors.
Can Ventilation Control Secondhand Smoke in the
Hospitality Industry? A report by J. L. Repace
for the California Department of Health, June
2000 Ventilation Technology Does Not Protect
People From Secondhand Smoke http//tobaccofreekid
s.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0145.pdf
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Ventilation Cant Eliminate the Health Risks

• Philip Morris Options program and Honeywell
  admit that ventilation does nothing more than
  remove the odor.

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Separate Sections DONT WORK
Tobacco Smoke Doesnt Read Signs Either!
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Thank You!