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Disability Awareness

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Title: Disability Awareness


1
Disability Awareness
2
What is a Disability?
According to the Americans with Disabilities Act
of 1990 (ADA) The term Disability refers to any
individual who
  • Has a physical or mental impairment that
    substantially limits one or more of the major
    life activities of such individual 
  • Has a record of such impairment or 
  • Has been regarded as having such an impairment.
    (P.L. 101-336, Sec. )

3
What are Major Life Activities?
  • A major life activity is an activity that an
    average person can perform with little or no
    difficulty.
  • Examples
  • Walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing,
    learning, performing manual tasks, caring for
    oneself, working, sitting, standing, lifting, and
    reading.

4
Having a Record of Such Impairment
  • A person may have a family history of cancer of
    high blood pressure and thus be treated as if he
    or she were disabled.

5
Being Regarded as Having Such an Impairment
  • An individual is protected under this part of the
    definition in three circumstances.
  • A person may have an impairment that is not
    substantially limiting but is perceived as being
    a substantially limiting impairment

6
Being Regarded as Having Such an Impairment
Continued
  • A person may have an impairment that is only
    substantially limiting because of the attitudes
    of others
  • person may not have a disability, but be regard
    by the employer or other covered agency as having
    a substantial limiting impairment

7
Disability vs. Handicap
  • Disability- A condition which substantially
    limits one or more major life activities
  • Handicap- a physical or attitudinal constraint
    imposed upon a person, regardless of whether that
    person has a disability

8
Statistics Regarding Disabilities
  • About 15 or 16 people have a disability in the
    United States
  • 37.7 of people with a disability in the United
    States are employed

Everyone will be disabled at some point in their
lives
9
How To Address People with Disabilities
  • Treat people with disabilities the same as those
    without disabilities.
  • Put the person first, disability second.
  • Ex Say, Zack who has epilepsy not the
    epileptic, Zack.
  • When referring to a collective general group of
    people with disabilities say, People with
    disabilities or Individuals with disabilities.

10
Terms to Avoid
  • Brave
  • Challenged
  • Courageous
  • Disabled
  • Handi-capable
  • Inspirational

11
Terms You Should Never Use
  • Afflicted by/afflicted with
  • Crip/cripple/crippled/the crippled/crippling
  • Deaf and dumb
  • Deformed
  • Homebound employment (use instead "employed in
    the home")
  • Special (one exception is when you are referring
    to the Special Olympics)

12
Terms You Should Never Use Continued
  • Invalid
  • Normal (as the opposite of having a disability)
  • Unfortunate, pitiful, poor
  • Victim
  • Wheelchair bound/confined to a wheelchair
    (instead use, "uses a wheelchair")
  • Midget (instead use, Person of short stature)

13
Social Interaction
  • Speak directly to the person with the disability
    (Do not speak to an interpreter)
  • Never go up to a person who uses a wheelchair and
    start) pushing them (Instead ask if they would
    like assistance and wait for a response before
    acting. This applies to all physical
    disabilities)

14
Social Interaction Continued
  • Speak to people with disabilities like you would
    normally speak to a person without disabilities
  • People who achieve great goals such as the
    Paralympics, extreme physical feats, etc. should
    not be referred to as exceptional because of
    their disability. They should be exceptional
    because of their achievement alone.
  • Emphasize abilities (especially in the
    circumstance of an interview or the like

15
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 has
Five Titles
  • Employment
  • Public Services
  • Public Accommodations
  • Telecommunications
  • Miscellaneous Provisions

16
Employment
  • Employers may not discriminate against people
    with disabilities based on their disability
  • Employers must make reasonable accommodations for
    employees with disabilities
  • Employers can use medical entrance examinations
    for applicants, after making the job offer, and
    only if all applicants (regardless of disability)
    must take it

17
Public Services
  • There are two sections of Public Service that are
    covered
  • Section 1 Public (Government) agencies must
    provide access to all programs. This includes
  • Accessible design or policy access
  • Section 2 Public transportation must provide
    accommodations for persons with disabilities

18
Public Accommodations
  • Under Title III, no individual may be
    discriminated against on the basis of disability
    with regards to the full and equal enjoyment of
    the goods, services, facilities, or
    accommodations of any place of public
    accommodation by any person who owns, leases (or
    leases to), or operates a place of public
    accommodation.

19
Public Accommodations Continued
  • "Public accommodations" include most places of
    lodging (such as inns and hotels), recreation,
    transportation, education, and dining, along with
    stores, care providers, and places of public
    displays, among other things.
  • Does a restaurant that uses dim lighting to
    provide a specific dining experience to its
    customers have to turn up the lights for a
    customer with visual impairments?

20
Telecommunications
  • This section requires telecommunications
    companies to take steps to ensure functionally
    equivalent services for customers with
    disabilities (Primarily those who have hearing or
    speech impairments).
  • Relay services are used
  • Video relay services (VRS) are becoming more
    popular
  • In 2006, VRS averaged 2 million minutes a month

21
Miscellaneous Provisions
  • This section discusses technicalities of the ADA
    which we wont go into detail about.
  • Example
  • The ADA states that it doesnt overrule anything
    in section 504 (which discusses that no
    individual with a disability may be discriminated
    by any federal agency or group that receives
    federal funding).

22
Disabilities
23
Mobility Impairment
  • Mobility impairment refers to the inability of a
    person to use one or more of his/her extremities,
    or a lack of strength to walk, grasp, or lift
    objects. The use of a wheelchair, crutches, or a
    walker may be utilized to aid in mobility.

24
Cognitive Impairment
  • A cognitive impairment affects a persons ability
    to reason, understand, and learn. Cognitive
    disabilities are separated into two categories
  • Learning disabilities
  • Intellectual disabilities

25
Mental Disability
  • A psychiatric disability caused by numerous
    factors including a biological, physiological or
    psychological disorder or a chemical disorder of
    the brain.

26
Hearing Impairment
  • Hearing impairments range from a mild hearing
    loss to total deafness. Those who are hard of
    hearing often use their residual hearing and lip
    read when communicating face-to-face. People who
    are deaf may use
  • American Sign Language
  • lip-read and
  • may speak for themselves or use a sign-language
    interpreter.

27
Visual Impairment
  • A visual impairment affects a persons ability to
    see, and includes
  • Inability to see images clearly and distinctly
  • Loss of visual field
  • Inability to detect small changes in brightness
  • Color blindness
  • Sensitivity to light
  • A cane or sight dog may be used to assist with
    mobility, and/or Braille may be used to read.

28
Speech Impairments
  • Speech impairments range from problems with
    articulation or voice strength to complete
    voicelessness.
  • People with speech impairments may have
    difficulty in projection, articulation and
    fluency.
  • Some people with speech impairments may use
    assistive devices or an interpreter to
    communicate.

29
Developmental Disability
  • Any mental or physical disability manifested by
    the age of 22 that may continue indefinitely and
    result in substantial limitation in three or more
    of the following
  • Self-care, receptive and expressive language,
    learning, mobility, self-direction, independent
    living or economic sufficiency (Major Life
    Activities) .

30
Autism
  • Classified as a developmental disorder
  • In most cases, autism causes problems with
  • Communication, both verbal and nonverbal
  • Social interactions with other people, both
    physical (such as hugging or holding) and verbal
    (such as having a conversation)
  • Routines or repetitive behaviors, like repeating
    words or actions over and over, obsessively
    following routines or schedules for their
    actions, or having very specific ways of
    arranging their belongings

31
Cerebral Palsy
  • A group of conditions resulting from damage to
    the central nervous system.
  • Do not assume that a person with cerebral palsy
    also has an intellectual disability the two do
    not necessarily or typically occur together.

32
Epilepsy
  • Term for various disorders marked by electrical
    disturbances of the central nervous system and
    typically manifested by seizures, which are
    involuntary muscular contractions (Seizures).

33
  • http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_with_Disabi
    lities_Act_of_1990
  • http//www.mtstcil.org/skills/ada2-b.html
  • http//www.ucp.org/ucp_channeldoc.cfm/1/13/12632/1
    2632-12632/6184
  • http//www.illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/rights/manu
    alstyle.html
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