SHOCK

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SHOCK
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Shock

• State of collapse or depression of the
  cardiovascular system. Circulatory system fails
  to deliver blood to all parts of the body. When
  organs do not receive blood they fail to function
  properly.
• Does not occur often in athletics
• Significant injury can result from shock
• Possibility of shock greater with severe
  bleeding, spinal injury, and major fractures

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Causes of Shock

• Heart damage so that it fails to pump properly
• Blood is lost so that there is an insufficient
  volume of fluid in the circulatory system
• Blood vessels dilate so that blood pools in
  larger vessels, resulting in a diminished amount
  of fluid available to provide efficient
  circulation

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Types of Shock

• Anaphylatic life threatening reaction of body
  to an allergen
• Cardiogenic inadequate functioning of the heart
• Hypovolemic loss of body fluids or blood
  dehydration due to diarrhea, vomiting, sweat
• Hemmorhagic extreme blood loss
• Metabolic profound fluid loss from uncontrolled
  diseases (diabetes, etc)
• Neurogenic shock caused by failure of nervous
  system to control size and muscle tone of the
  blood vessels (seen with spinal injuries)
• Psychogenic shock caused by a sudden temporary
  dilation of blood vessels to the brain, causing
  the individual to faint (syncope)
• Septic shock associated with some form of
  serious illness and is caused by severe
  infection. Toxins released into the blood stream
  and cause blood vessels to dilate

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Signs Indicating Shock

• Weak rapid pulse
• Cool clammy skin
• Rapid shallow breathing
• Profuse sweating
• Pale skin and later cyanotic mucous membranes
• Nausea, possible vomiting
• Dull lackluster eyes, pupils may dilate
• Steadily falling blood pressure
• Unconsciousness

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Treatment for Shock

• Establish and maintain a clear airway
• Control obvious bleeding
• Keep athlete lying down elevate lower extremities
  if injury will not be aggravated
• Loosen clothing inhibiting breathing or
  circulation
• Maintain body temperature
• No food or drink
• Give oxygen if available
• Summon medical assistance

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Results of Shock

• Results of shock is the same no matter what the
  cause. A failure of the cardiovascular system
  resulting in diminished amount of blood available
  in the circulatory system
• Results in an insufficient perfusion of blood
  providing oxygen and nutrients through the
  tissues and organs of the body
• Body systems depressed and vital functions slow
  down