Bootstrapping in MEGA:

1

• Bootstrapping in MEGA
• Open the file Crab_rRNA.meg
• Select Phylogeny -gt Bootstrap Test of
  Phylogeny -gt Neighbor-Joining
• Bootstrapping can be done for each method

2

• Bootstrap values are presented for internal
  branches

3

• Construct a NJ tree with bootstrap values for the
  cytochrome c oxidase subunit II protein sequences
  in cyt2.fas
• Who is the closest relative of humans?
• How confident are you at this result?

4

• Construct a NJ tree with bootstrap values for the
  cytochrome c oxidase subunit II protein sequences
  in cyt2.fas
• Who is the closest relative of humans?
• How confident are you at this result?

5
Consensus

• http//bioweb.pasteur.fr/seqanal/interfaces/consen
  se-simple.html
• Implementation of the Consensus program and other
  programs from PHYLIP (Felsenstein 1993)
• Construct the consensus of the following trees
• ((A,B),(C,(D,E)))
• ((A,B),(D,(C,E)))
• ((A,C),(D,(B,E)))
• ((E,B),(C,(D,A)))
• ((A,B),(E,(D,C)))

6

• Enter your trees in Newick format
• Enter your email
• Choose a program

7
Results