Culture, Creativity, Innovation

1
Culture, Creativity, Innovation

• Ch 14
• Part 1 April 19

2
Org Culture

• Framework of attitudes, values, norms,
  expectations shared among org members
• Difference between espoused and enacted cultures
• Common dimensions
• What are typical dimensions along which culture
  is measured?
• Possible to have several cultures, called
  subcultures

3
Ben Schneider (SIOP 05 presentation)

• Distinctions betw culture and climate
• Culture concerns beliefs values exemplified by
  how orgs behave and the myths/stories that
  perpetuate it
• Climate concerns what happens in orgs, meaning
  people attach to it, behavior and attitudes
  that follow

4
(cont.)

• Climate has a longer history
• Lewin (1939)
• 1960s
• 1975 B. Schneiders climate for ____
• 2000 Zohar
• Method preference?

5
(cont.)

• Cultures history in orgs
• Pettigrew (1979)
• Deal Kennedy (1982)
• Schein (1985 1992)
• Frost (1991)
• Predominant methodology?

6
Functions of Org Culture

• Provides sense of identity
• Strong cultures increase org commitment
• Clarify norms, rules to newcomers

7
Deciphering Culture

• Use artifacts observable symbols
• Examples?
• Survey employees
• How can this be problematic?
• Observation
• Best approach is combination

8
Identifying Culture

• Goffee Jones (98) Double S Cube
• 2 dimensions of culture
• Sociability (friendliness of members)
• Can promote creativity or can promote
  ingroup/outgroup distinctions
• Solidarity (share understanding of tasks)
• Can increase coordination or can promote
  ingroup/outgroup distinctions

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Double S Cube

• Combination of 2 dimensions results in 4 types of
  cultures
• Possibility of different subcultures changes
  over time no data on which is best

10
Deal Kennedy

• Culture as the way things get done around here.
• Measured in terms of
• Feedback
• Risk
• 4 types of cultures
• Tough-guy/macho culture
• Work hard/play hard
• Bet your company culture
• Process culture

11
Formation of Culture

• Impact of org founders personality
• Adaptation to marketplace/environment
• How is culture learned?
• Examples?
• What is cultures effect on performance?

12
Changing Cultures

• What affects change in cultures?
• Strategies for merging cultures
• Assimilation
• Deculturation
• Integration
• Separation

13
Strengthening Cultures

• Actions of leaders
• Introduce culturally consistent rewards
• Maintain stable workforce
• Selection process (screen for culture fit)
• Socialization process (mold new ees)