Robots

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Robots
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A Very Quick Introduction
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vmbHy7TZ06_s
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Rossums Universal Robots
A play by Karel Capek, 1920
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The Three Laws of Robotics
1942
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The Three Laws of Robotics

• A robot may not injure a human being or, through
  inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
• A robot must obey orders given to it by human
  beings except where such orders would conflict
  with the First Law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as long as
  such protection does not conflict with the First
  or Second Law.

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The Three Laws of Robotics

• A robot may not injure a human being or, through
  inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
• A robot must obey orders given to it by human
  beings except where such orders would conflict
  with the First Law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as long as
  such protection does not conflict with the First
  or Second Law.

What if it doesnt know?
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The Three Laws of Robotics

• A robot may not injure a human being or, through
  inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
• A robot must obey orders given to it by human
  beings except where such orders would conflict
  with the First Law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as long as
  such protection does not conflict with the First
  or Second Law.

Realistically, can a robot prevent all harm? Can
a robot stop a war?
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The Three Laws of Robotics

• A robot may not injure a human being or, through
  inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
• A robot must obey orders given to it by human
  beings except where such orders would conflict
  with the First Law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as long as
  such protection does not conflict with the First
  or Second Law.

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(No Transcript)
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Military Robots
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vYO8dLk_QGsM
Type military drones into YouTube to see
examples
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The Three Laws of Robotics

• A robot may not injure a human being or, through
  inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
• A robot must obey orders given to it by human
  beings except where such orders would conflict
  with the First Law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as long as
  such protection does not conflict with the First
  or Second Law.

Should a military robot follow orders?
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The Three Laws of Robotics
0. A robot may not injure humanity, or,
through inaction, allow humanity to come
to harm.

1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through
   inaction, allow a human being to come to harm
   except if such orders would conflict with the
   Zeroth Law.
2. A robot must obey orders given to it by human
   beings except where such orders would conflict
   with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as
   such protection does not conflict with the First
   or Second Law.

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Or Is There a 4th?
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More Later

• Asimovs laws make good stories.
• But we really need something else.

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Early Robots
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Robots The Tortoise
1950 W. Grey Walters light seeking tortoises.
In this picture, there are two, each with a light
source and a light sensor. Thus they appear to
dance around each other.
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vlLULRlmXkKo
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Robots The Hopkins Beast
1964 Two versions of the Hopkins beast, which
used sonar to guide it in the halls. Its goal
was to find power outlets.
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vbiTnUlIBXrE
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Robots - Shakey
1970 Shakey (SRI) was driven by a
remote-controlled computer, which formulated
plans for moving and acting. It took about half
an hour to move Shakey one meter.
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Robots The Stanford Cart
1971-9 Stanford cart. Remote controlled by
person or computer. 1971 Follow the white
line 1975 Drive in a straight line by tracking
skyline 1979 Get through obstacle courses.
Cross 30 meters in five hours, getting lost one
time out of four
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Planning vs. Reacting
In the early days substantial focus on planning
(e.g., GPS) 1979 in Fast, Cheap and Out of
Control, Rodney Brooks argued for a very
different approach. (No, Im not talking about
the 1997 movie.)
The Ant, has 17 sensors. They are designed to
work in colonies.
http//www.ai.mit.edu/people/brooks/papers/fast-ch
eap.pdf http//www.ai.mit.edu/projects/ants/
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Household Robots
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Roomba
2001 A robot vacuum cleaner
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And Then Theres Scooba
http//www.irobot.com/sp.cfm?pageid128
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A Much Trickier Task
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vgBgfpl0lcIo
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Another One
http//www.engadget.com/2008/10/23/ei-e-now-robots
-hope-to-put-dogs-out-of-work-too/
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Exploiting Household Robots

• Intended consequence
• Create free time.

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Exploiting Household Robots

• Intended consequence
• Create free time.
• Unintended consequence

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Exploiting Household Robots

• Intended consequence
• Create free time.
• Unintended consequence
• Increase birthrate?

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Robotic Pharmacists
Phil c 2003
Simple demo of one robot
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vRzLDs4nJK0U
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Industrial Robots
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Factory Automation
KIA Sportage http//www.youtube.com/watch?vsjAZG
UcjrP8
http//videos.streetfire.net/video/82D220A1-BAB7-4
BAA-AD46-72209AD5F6F3.htm
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Factory Automation
http//www.kuka.com/usa/en/solutions/solutions_sea
rch/L_R251_Handling_Of_Front_And_Rear_Axles_And_Ca
r_Doors.htm
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Celestial Seasonings
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vZR0gc8tvomk (Skip
to 100)
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An Unpleasant Task
http//www.kuka.com/usa/en/solutions/solutions_sea
rch/L_R232_Robot_optimizes_cutting_of_pork_sides.h
tm
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A Robot that Sits in a Seat
http//www.kuka.com/usa/en/solutions/solutions_sea
rch/L_R295_Can_a_car_seat_withstand_conditions_at_
the_North_Pole.htm
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Robotic Surgery
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vJPPzrrtIZjI
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vsS4hRxxKQlk An
aside on the da Vinci system http//video.google.
com/videoplay?docid-5997080660276538391
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Hominoid (or Animoid) Robots
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Aibo
1999 Sonys Aibo pet dog
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What Can You Do with an Aibo?
1997 First official Rob-Cup soccer match
Picture from 2003 competition
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Robocup 2012
http//www.youtube.com/watch?v4B_sB0q4IDU
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RoboCup 2013
2013 video http//www.cs.utexas.edu/AustinVilla/
?pnao
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Texas Hold Em Heads Up Poker
http//www.igt.com/us-en/games/game-page.aspx?type
_id7987showtab1
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Topio
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vW5g1IIAOZqs
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Little Dog
http//gizmodo.com/5545267/littledog-learns-severa
l-terrifying-new-tricks
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Big Dog
http//www.bdi.com/content/sec.php?sectionBigDog
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Cog
1998 now Cog
Humanoid intelligence requires humanoid
interactions with the world.
http//www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-g
roup/
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Kismet

• Kismets expressions
• http//www.ai.mit.edu/projects/sociable/movies/exp
  ression-examples.mov
• Does Kismet have emotions
• http//www.ai.mit.edu/projects/sociable/movies/emo
  tion-narrative.mov

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Leonardo
ttp//www.youtube.com/watch?vxYSmp3bjP_0
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Nao
http//www.guardian.co.uk/technology/video/2010/au
g/09/emotional-robot-university-hertfordshire
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A Language of Emotion?
A standard for the WWW
http//news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20014967-264.htm
l
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Emotion Recognition
http//www.affectiva.com/
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Asimo
2005
http//world.honda.com/ASIMO/new/
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QRIO
http//www.newscientist.com/article/dn4845.html
Dancing http//pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2003/1
218/sony_06.wmv
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Dancing Robots
http//www.youtube.com/watch?v4t1NWH6G1f0 http//
www.youtube.com/watch?v2laujomh0JY
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Einstein
http//www.hansonrobotics.com/
Intro video http//www.youtube.com/watch?vpkpWCu
1k0ZIfeaturerelated
Video of the face http//www.youtube.com/watch?v
vx35zMyFJ94
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Fashion Model
HRP-4C
http//www.engadget.com/2009/03/16/japans-hrp-4c-f
ashion-model-robot-unveiled-already-harassed/
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Aiko
http//www.projectaiko.com/
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I-Fairy
http//gizmodo.com/5540435/robot-marries-couple-in
where-elsejapan
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Humanoids 2013
http//www.nytimes.com/2013/10/29/science/making-r
obots-more-like-us.html?_r0
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Baxter
http//www.nytimes.com/2012/09/18/science/a-robot-
with-a-delicate-touch.html
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The Uncanny Valley
Are we spooked by almost us?
Ernst Jentsch's 1906 essay, "On the Psychology of
the Uncanny." Jentsch's conception was famously
elaborated on by Sigmund Freud in his 1919 essay
"The Uncanny" ("Das Unheimliche").
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The Uncanny Valley
Masahiro Mori, 1970, "Bukimi No Tani" (????? The
Uncanny Valley)
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Has Disney Gotten There?
Mars Needs Moms, 2011
http//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110404/ap_on_hi_te/us
_tec_creepy_animation
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Is There a Second Uncanny Valley?
What happens when we move past healthy humans?
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Humanoids for Training Human Doctors
http//www.engadget.com/2006/12/07/medical-student
s-treat-dummies-that-bleed-speak-and-die/
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Pygmalion Meets 21st Century
http//www.realdoll.com/
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Teaching Children
Teaching English in Korea
Video http//link.brightcove.com/services/player/
bcpid605082692001?bclid0bctid609816961001
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Elder Care
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Nursebot
http//www-2.cs.cmu.edu/nursebot/web/video.html
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Bathbot
http//www.nytimes.com/2004/03/05/international/as
ia/05JAPA.html?ex1393822800eneb854fe2a4e6c9bde
i5007partnerUSERLAND
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Elder Care
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Helping Yourself
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So Youre Lonely
http//www.vimeo.com/5509560
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Paro
http//www.youtube.com/watch?voJq5PQZHU-Ifeature
fvsr http//paro.jp/english/index.html After
the earthquake http//www.guardian.co.uk/world/20
11/aug/01/japan-earthquake-survivors-comfort-robot
s
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Exploring Space
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Dante
1994 Dante II (CMU) explored the Mt. Spurr
(Aleutian Range, Alaska) volcano.
High-temperature, fumarole gas samples are prized
by volcanic science, yet their sampling poses
significant challenge. In 1993, eight
volcanologists were killed in two separate events
while sampling and monitoring volcanoes.
Using its tether cable anchored at the crater
rim, Dante II is able to descend down sheer
crater walls in a rappelling-like manner to
gather and analyze high temperature gasses from
the crater floor.
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Sojourner
Oct. 30, 1999 Sojourner on Mars. Powered by a 1.9
square foot solar array, Sojourner can negotiate
obstacles tilted at a 45 degree angle. It travels
at less than half an inch per second.
http//antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap991030.html
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Mars Rover
Spirit and Opportunity Rovers landed on Mars
January 2004 http//marsrovers.jpl.nasa.go
v/gallery/video/animation.html
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Mars Rover
Mars Science Laboratory landed on Mars August
2012 http//mars.jpl.nasa.gov/programmissions/mis
sions/present/msl/
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Moving Around on Earth(and Replacing People)
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Pioneer
1986 At the Chernobyl power plant.
http//www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/projects/pioneer/
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The 2011 Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami
http//spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/indust
rial-robots/japan-earthquake-robots-help-search-fo
r-survivors
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The 2011 Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami
710 Warrior
510 PackBot
2011 Disaster robots from iRobot go to Japan
http//readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id302153
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Modern Nuclear Disasters
KHG Kerntechnische Hilfsdienste GmbH (Nuclear
Technology Support Services)
Disaster robots in Europe http//robotland.blogsp
ot.com/2011/03/nuclear-emergency-robots-from-europ
e.html
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Miners
25 dead in W.Va. mine blast, worst since 1984
April 5, 2010
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Cave Crawler
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Military Missions
http//www.irobot.com/sp.cfm?pageid109
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Sandstorm
March 13, 2004 - A DARPA Grand Challenge an
unmanned offroad race, 142 miles from Barstow to
Las Vegas. http//www.redteamracing.org/
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(No Transcript)
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The 2005 Course
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Stanley the Winner
Completed the course in 6 hours, 53 minutes.
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The 2007 Urban Grand Challenge
Autonomous ground vehicles must safely complete a
60-mile urban area course in fewer than six
hours. First prize is 2 million, second prize is
500,000 and third prize is 250,000. To succeed,
vehicles must autonomously obey traffic laws
while merging into moving traffic, navigating
traffic circles, negotiating busy intersections
and avoiding obstacles.
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The 2007 Urban Grand Challenge
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Some Videos

• Junior
• Boss
• A crash
• A Prius misbehaves

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The Google Self-Driving Car
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vAtmk07Otu9U http//
www.youtube.com/watch?vcdgQpa1pUUE
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The European Self-Driving Van
Oct. 28, 2010 Driverless vans end 8,000-mile
test drive to China
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GMs Plans
http//www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/mar/8/sel
f-driving-car-on-road-out-of-science-fiction/
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Risk and Trust
Summer, 2011
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Risk and Trust

• Intersection management

http//www.cs.utexas.edu/aim/?pvideo
100
Back to Asimovs Laws of Robotics
0. A robot may not injure humanity, or,
through inaction, allow humanity to come
to harm.

1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through
   inaction, allow a human being to come to harm
   except if such orders would conflict with the
   Zeroth Law.
2. A robot must obey orders given to it by human
   beings except where such orders would conflict
   with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as
   such protection does not conflict with the First
   or Second Law.

101
A Good Robot Gone Bad?
http//www.msnbc.msn.com/id/33510503
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Asimovs Laws as a Literary Device

• The three laws make good stories.
• But they only work in practice if/when robots
  possess at least human levels of awareness,
  reason, and ethics.
• Do they today?

The work of David Woods and Robin Murphy
http//researchnews.osu.edu/archive/roblaw.htm
103
Woods and Murphys New Set of Laws

• A human may not deploy a robot without the
  human-robot work system meeting the highest legal
  and professional standards of safety and ethics.
• A robot must respond to humans as appropriate for
  their roles.
• A robot must be endowed with sufficient situated
  autonomy to protect its own existence as long as
  such protection provides smooth transfer of
  control which does not conflict with the First
  and Second Laws.