The Norwegian

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The Norwegian High Energy Particle Physics
Project 06-11
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• The CERN-related High Energy Particle Physics
  Research Project
• ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider
  (LHC)
• Main HEPP Activity within this project
• High Energy Particle Physics Theory
• Theoretical particle physics aims to relate
  experimental facts to theoretical frameworks, as
  well as to study the internal consistency of such
  frameworks, and finally to suggest phenomena that
  can be experimentally investigated at present and
  future high-energy particle accelerators.
• See Per Osland's presentation
• BABAR experiment at the SLAC B-factory
• Continue buid up expertise in B-physics with real
  data as preparation for ATLAS and allow the
  present students to finish their theses.
• See Gerald Eigen's presentation

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Norwegian HEPP06-11 Project? A group of eager
people from Bergen, Oslo and Gjøvik who want to
continue, and even improve, the very good work
done during the finishing project period.
The members of the Norwegian High Energy Particle
Physics Project have already made significant
contributions to the field, see presentations by
Lars, Bjarne, Per, Gerald, ... They have plans
for the future, see application document for more
details. I will not say anything about the
large amount of resources needed to do the work
in good conditions ... at least not today. What
are the challenges?
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You're telling me that CERN dug out millions of
tons of earth just to smash tiny particles?
Sometimes to find the truth, one must move
mountains.
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• Imagine Universe
• Starting totally symmetric with Big Bang some
  13.7M years ago
• Cooling towards current 2.7º K (CMBr), while
  expanding,
• Went through successive phase transitions,
• Associated Spontaneous Symmetry Breakings led to
  diversity of fields responsible for various
  fundamental'' interactions
• Strong interaction 1
• Electromagnetic interaction 10-2
• Weak interaction 10-5
• Gravitational interaction 10-34
• Question What is the original symmetry?

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The Large Hadron Collider LHC at CERN will be the
first particle accelerator to explore directly a
new energy frontier, the TeV scale. By colliding
beams of protons or lead nuclei, the LHC will
probe deeper into matter than ever before,
reproducing conditions in the first nanoseconds
in the life of the Universe.
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vHd
EkT
Ehnhc/l
Series of phase transitions
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High Energy Particle Physics

• Activity which seeks to discover and understand
  the basic constituents of matter and the
  interactions among them.
• Resulting theory, currently the Standard Model,
  describes interactions between elementary
  particles grouped in 3 families, or generations,
  of quarks and leptons.

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• The world of the infinitely small obeys some
  laws or symmetries, which are closely related to
  conservation laws.
• Charge conjugation, C, parity, P, and time
  reversal T are some examples.
• All forces in nature obey a form of symmetry.
• The electromagnetic and strong forces are based
  on exact (dynamical) symmetries, leading to
  conservation of the electric charge, in one case,
  and of color'' charge, in the other case.
• The weak force is special as it violates most of
  the symmetries ..
• But,
• Symmetries are so valuable that even broken ones
  can be useful!
• CP violation may shed light on the
  matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe.
• The real nature of the origin of mass might
  result from a phase transition, a broken symmetry.

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• One of the great successes of the Standard Model
  is the unification of EM force (long range,
  macroscopic) and Weak nuclear force (short range,
  microscopic).
• SM describes (almost) all current particle
  physics data
• Generations of experimental data
• Well explained by the SM
• 3 light neutrinos,
• hence 3 families
• The resulting Electroweak symmetry must be
  (spontaneously) broken at low energies in order
  to give the weak bosons (W,Z), as well as all
  matter particles, masses.
• A scalar field requiring a new particle, the
  Higgs Boson ... the only missing block

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• What is the origin of mass?
• Newton Weight proportional to mass
• Einstein Energy related to mass
• ...neither explained origin of mass ...
• Are masses due to the Higgs boson, introduced
  through
• Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking a la Higgs
  mechanism?

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Is this Higgs?
All experimental data point to Higgs in range
114-gt 200 GeV... if interpreted in framework of
SM.
Has Large Electron Positron (LEP) just missed
it?
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LHC won't miss Higgs ...
... if it
exists! If not,
seek other mechanisms
H-gt gg H-gt ZZ-gtllll
1 Higgs expected in 1,000,000,000,000 events
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• The SM answers many of the questions of the
  structure and stability of matter.
• However, it is believed that the model is only an
  effective, low-energy approximation of some more
  fundamental theory.
• The fact that quarks and gluons behave as free
  particles at high energies (asymptotic freedom)
  is predicted by Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD).
  Their confinement in hadrons is an experimental
  evidence that is not very well understood.

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• The candidate theories must incorporate massive
  neutrinos and answer other questions like
• Why are there 3 families of quarks and leptons?
• Are quarks and leptons really fundamental?
• What is the origin of dark matter and dark energy
  in the universe? Current observations show that
  4 of the universe is made of normal matter,
  whereas 21 is dark matter and 75 dark energy.
• What is the origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry
  in the
  universe?
• What about Gravity? Why is it weaker than EM?
• Extra space dimensions? Superstrings?

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- Gut?
No GUT, No GLORY
- General Unified Theory, The theory of
everything.
- I see, ..., not seing at all!
Current data also hint at a unification between
Strong and Electroweak forces ... at much larger
energies, GUT scale. And this is not the
end of the story ...
GUT
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Let SUperSYmmetry be!

• Unifies matter and force particles
  matter-force duality
• Relates particles of different spins
  Fermions-Bosons
• Solves some technical problems

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Supersymmetry will be discovered at LHC if true

• Squark decay
• measureable particles ll-,
• quark seen as a jet
• and large missing energy due to Lightest
  Supersymmetric Particle (LSP)

M(ll)
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Black holes in ATLAS?
Decays equally to all SM d.o.f.

• If MPlt5 TeV discovery within 1 month!

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• Extra dimensions
• Narrow graviton up to 2.2 TeV
• Real (missing) graviton

• Extra symmetries
• -gt new interaction

Z' -gt ee-
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• 4 experiments at LHC to study primarily
• Matter-antimatter asymmetry LHC-B (ATLAS/CMS)
• Primordial Quark-Gluon plasma ALICE (ATLAS/CMS)
• Origin of mass, Supersymmetry, Nature of Dark
  matter,
• Extra-dimensions (gravitons, black-holes),
  Higher Symmetries, Test of current symmetries,
  ... as well as Standard Model measurements
  (masses, constants, rates, ...)
• ATLAS/CMS

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The great progress on the construction,
installation, and commissioning of the detector,
as well as on the preparation for the data
collection, distributed analysis and physics
covered at the overview week in Paris (Oct3-9)
All four completed SCT barrel cylinders have
been integrated in their thermal enclosure
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Hardware challenge. Contribution to development,
prototyping, construction, commissioning,
operation and maintenance of of components for
the ATLAS detector, SiliConTracking detector,
and construction and delivery of cryogenic
tanks. Computing challenge. Both in terms of
processing and distribution of huge amounts of
data of unprecedented complexity, as well as in
terms of software for tracking, reconstruction
and analysis. A huge effort has been devoted to
the development of the NorduGrid/ARC middleware,
maintaining of hardware, running of ATLAS data
challenges, porting of production and analysis
software, as well as preparation of tracking
software. Physics challenge. Studies of ATLAS
relevant physics performed by students and
physicists from the whole particle physics
community, with important input from
theoreticians. Expertise from past and current
experiments. More detailed and precise
simulations of the ATLAS detector, more
statistics through NorduGrid, improvement of
analysis methods, and inclusion of new
theoretical ideas. Ready for Real Data.
Management challenge. Project leader for the
Inner Detector (ID) system. Deputy spokesperson.
Involvement in various GRID computing boards (LHC
Computing GRID, ATLAS and NorduGrid), in ATLAS
software (production, tracking), in physics
working groups, and in publication and
authorship committee. Clearly, outstanding
contributions that also fulfil the collaboration
requirements that institutes and individuals be
involved as much as possible in the full chain,
and not just in the analysis of a given physics
channel. ATLAS organisation and operation model
for the data-taking era at the LHC with the aim
is to guarantee an efficient delivery of
high-quality physics results. Commissioning
challenge. Operation taking.
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Operation Model for the data-taking
phase (Details can be found at
http//uimon.cern.ch/twiki//bin/view/Main/Operatio
nModel )
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• Detector operation
• Involvement in operation of the Atlas Inner
  Detector
• continued ID responsibilities, overall
  operation
• significant amount of time at CERN and travel
• Data preparation
• Support of key people at CERN and/or at home
• to carry central responsibilities related to
• SCT / ID software and pattern recognition /
  tracking
• Simulation and offline software.
• Computing and Grid
• GRID and other computing activities
• Secure excellent data, CPU and mass storage
  capasity
• Distribution of data and analysis
• Trigger (Presently no activities but might start)
• Physics Participation in 4 physics 1 combined
  performance groups.

ATLAS Norway 4 out of 5 activities
TOB Trigger and Offline Board
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ATLAS Semi Conductor Tracker (SCT) Scandinavia
(Oslo, Bergen, Uppsala) 320 modules 15 of
Atlas
Macro assembly in Oxford
Assembly at UiO
Test beam at CERN
?24?m
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SiliConTracker barrel

• All acceptance test for all barrels done and ok
• Assembled 4 barrel at CERN 1st step B6 in
  Thermal Enclosure (15/7/05)

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• A year of preparation before data taking
• Major hardware effort in parallel with
  construction
• Collaboration between sub-detector groups
• Software development
• Significant contributions from combined
  performance groups
• Data taking occurred over a period of about 3
  months
• 22 million validated ID events collected
• Beams
• e,?, ?,p 1 ? 350 GeV
• ? 20 ? 100 GeV

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Silicon Resolution no B Field
Residuals (mm)
Residuals (mm)
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Cabling project going on
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First ATLAS Cosmic Muon recorded in the
Hadronic Calorimeter
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Cosmics recorded in the barrel Transition
Radiation Tracker
Integrated end-cap TRT wheels of the initial
detector for one side
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ATLAS tracking Software Simulation and
Reconstruction, ID and Overall

• Estimating the particle track through the
  detector
• one of the most critical parts in track
  reconstruction and particle identification
• Track reconstruction at high track densities
• High luminosity, heavy ion runs, uupgrades.

STEP project provides a tool which transports or
propagates track parameters and the associated
uncertainties ("errors") through regions with
inhomogeneous magnetic fields and potentially
large amounts of material
ATLAS Computing and Grid Middleware,
Simulation and Offline analysis Software, Code
debugging and improvement together with Cern
developpers, Data challenges, Data managemnt
system, ...
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Production System Architecture

• ProdSys review and Grid Tools Task Force
  conclusions were that the architecture is sound

Common Executor
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Physics simulation work on the grid for the Rome
Physics WS
This is the first successful use of the grid by
a large user community in ATLAS
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ATLAS Computing Timeline
2003

• POOL/SEAL release (done)
• ATLAS release 7 (with POOL persistency) (done)
• LCG-1 deployment (done)
• ATLAS complete Geant4 validation (done)
• ATLAS release 8 (done)
• DC2 Phase 1 simulation production (done)
• DC2 Phase 2 intensive reconstruction
  (re-scheduled)
• Combined test beams (barrel wedge) (done)
• Computing Model paper (done)
• Computing Memorandum of Understanding (in
  progress)
• ATLAS Computing TDR and LCG TDR (done)
• Start of Computing System Commissioning
• Physics Readiness Report(s) (?)
• Start cosmic ray run
• GO!

2004
2005
NOW
2006
2007
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I will now spend the next 5 hours to summarise
some Norwegian Contributions to ATLAS at LHC ...
(Case study Bergen and Gjøvik and theory groups
missing!)

• ....
• Building, testing, assembly of part of Semi
  Conductor Tracker
• STEP software that provides a track estimator for
  ATLAS, ...
• Atlas simulation and analysis software,
  distribution, ..
• Grid middleware, data management system, Logging
  and accounting
• Data Challenges, ...
• Preparation for physics
• Searches
• SM and SUSY Higgs
• Supersymmetry Squarks, Lightest Supersymmetric
  Particles
• New gauge bosons Z'
• Extra dimensions
• Graviton
• Mini blackholes
• .........

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We are really worried that we can't keep even our
bright students ...
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• Ideally gt3 post-docs, gt4 PhD
• Detector Operation, Data Preparation
• Computing Grid, Software Data distribution
• Physics Analysis, Interpretation
• Theory vs Experiment

That was one of my messages for tomorrow's
discussions
Pot-Doc , PhD NN (postdoc1) UiB
NN (post doc2) UiO Sigve Haug (postdoc,
Grid) UiO/CERN Esben Lund (PhD) UiO
Trygve Buanes (PhD) UiB Ola Øye (PhD)
UiB NN NN (PhD3,4) UiOUiB Katarina
Pajchel (PhD) UiO Bjarte Mohn (PhD)
UiB/UU Are Raklev (PhD) UiB, theory Abdel
Wahab El Kaffas (PhD, egypt) UiB, theory
NN,NN,NN,NN (PhD)
Permanent staff members High Energy Particle
Physics Project Lars Bugge UiO Torleiv
Buran UiO Kjell Martin Danielsen
(techn.) UiO Jan Olav Eeg (theory) UiO
Gerald Eigen UiB Hallstein Høgåsen
(theory) UiO Egil Lillestøl UiB
Anna Lipniacka UiB Carsten Lütken
(theory) UiO Per Osland (theory) UiB
Farid Ould-Saada UiO Alex
Read UiO Steinar Stapnes UiO Are
Stranlie HiG Bjarne Stugu UiB
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Atlas-NO concentrates on these 4 physics
groups and Tau performance group
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Operation Model for the data-taking
phase (Details can be found at
http//uimon.cern.ch/twiki//bin/view/Main/Operatio
nModel )