Chemical Shorthand

1
Chemical Shorthand

• Chapter 6
• Section 6-2

2
The World of Alphabet Soup

• All matter is made up of elements
• Each element is represented by a symbol
• Combine elements to form compounds

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Chemical Shorthand

• Allows us to write a lot in a short time
• Allows all chemists to know whats in a compound
• Example silver sulfide
• Ag2S is made of
• two Ag atoms
• 1 S atom

4
Ingredients in Baking Powder

• baking soda sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3
• cornstarch
• sodium aluminum sulfate AlNa(SO4)2
• calcium sulfate CaSO4
• monocalcium phosphate Ca(H2PO4)2

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Ingredients in Baking Soda

• baking soda
• sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3

6
Ingredients in Vinegar

• vinegar
• acetic acid CH3COOH

7
Chemical Formulas

• Formula chemical shorthand telling a chemist
  how much of each element is present
• Example
• acetic acid sodium hydrogen carbonate
• sodium acetate water carbon dioxide
• HC2H3O2 NaHCO3
• NaC2H3O2 H2O CO2

8
Oxidation Numbers

• Oxidation Numbers the number of electrons that
  an atom gains, loses, or shares when bonding with
  another atom
• No oxidation numbers for transition elements
  (families 3 12) because they may change from
  compound to compound

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Assigning Oxidation Numbers
10

• No oxidation numbers for transition elements
  (families 3 12) because they may change from
  compound to compound
• Some elements have more than one oxidation
  number, so use Roman numerals. Example lead
  (IV) is Pb4 and lead (II) is Pb2

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SOME ATOMS WITH MULTIPLE VALENCES
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Formulas and Names for Binary Compounds

• Binary Compound a compound that is composed of
  two elements
• Use oxidation numbers to write formulas of binary
  compounds
• Ca2 F- Ca2 F- CaF2

13
Naming Binary Compounds From Formulas

• Write name of 1st element
• Write root of 2nd element
• Add suffix ide to the root
• Example NaCl sodium chloride

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AlBr3

• Step 1. Write the name of the element represented
  by the first symbol in the formula.
• aluminum

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AlBr3

• Step 2.  Write the name of the element
  represented by the second symbol in the formula,
  but change the ending of the element's name to
  "ide".  In this case, bromine becomes bromide.
• aluminum bromide

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Naming Binary Compounds
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Bibliography

• Aldridge, Bill, Jack Ballinger, and Albert
  Kaskel. Teacher's for Use with Science
  Interactions Course 3. 3rd ed. Vol. Course 3. New
  York Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 1998.