EXCRETORY

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EXCRETORY SYSTEM
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WHAT IS EXCRETION?

• If you knew there was poison hidden in your
  house, you would surely do everything possible to
  find and remove that poison.
• If you didn't, you and your family would slowly
  die.
• How would you find it? How
  would you remove it?
• You would probably figure out
  a system of searching and
  removing.
• That is what the excretory
  system does!!

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interesting facts

• The Human bladder can stretch to hold about 1.5
  cups (400ml) of urine.
• All the blood in our body passes through each
  kidney 400 times every day.
• When the bladder is ½ full, our brain tells the
  bladder to relax and we get the urge to urinate.
  We cant control or stop urination until we are
  2 years old.
• Even if 75 of the nephrons are lost, the kidney
  will still function. It is possible to live a
  healthy life with only one kidney.
• Normal urine is sterile (germ-free). It is
  composed of water, salts, and waste products.

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interesting facts

• The kidneys have 1 million little filters which
  filter 1.3 litres of blood every minute. That is
  1,620 litres every day. 
• 99.9 of the blood passing through the kidneys is
  reabsorbed back into the blood.
• We made approximately 1.5 litres of urine per
  day.
• A traditional medical practice in India is called
  urine therapy, and they apply urine to the skin
  or drink it to cure various health problems.
• Urine has a lot of urea (waste), and it is a good
  source of nitrogen for plants. Gardeners often
  recommend you add 1 cup of urine to 15 cups of
  water and apply it to pot plants and flower beds
  to help them grow.

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interesting facts

• The ancient Romans used to bleach their clothes
  with urine.
• People lost at sea or in the desert for a long
  time often resort to drinking their urine when no
  rainwater is available. However, this won't
  prevent you from dying of dehydration, especially
  if it causes vomiting.
• Urine has also been used as an antiseptic. In
  times of war, when other antiseptics were
  unavailable, urine, the darker the better, was
  used on open wounds to kill bacteria.
• The yellow colour of urine was once thought to
  come from gold. Alchemists in the middle ages
  spent a lot of time trying to extract gold from
  urine. They were of course unsuccessful.

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FUNCTIONS OF THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM

• Filters the blood
• Removes wastes from the blood
• Keeps the amount of water and salts
  in the blood constant
• Helps to regulate Blood Pressure

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PARTS OF THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
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1
KIDNEY
Kidney filters the blood and removes waste
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inside the kidney
nephrons
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2
KIDNEY
Ureter Moves the urine to the bladder via
peristalsis
URETER
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3
KIDNEY
Bladder stores the urine
URETER
BLADDER
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4
KIDNEY
Urethra when the sphincter relaxes, the urethra
carries the urine outside the body. 20 cm in
males 4 cm in females
URETER
BLADDER
URETHRA
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Problems with kidneys
Bladder infections - usually caused by bacteria.
More common in women due to their short urethra.
33 of women and 10 of men will have one or more
in their lifetime. Enlarged prostate - in men,
this can make it difficult to empty the bladder.
Incontinence - when urine leaks out of the
urethra. Common after
natural childbirth. Kidney infections - when a
bladder infection backs up the ureters and
makes it
difficult to urinate. Kidney stones - caused by
infection and high blood levels of calcium.
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Problems with kidneys

• Risk factors for chronic kidney diseaseYou are
  more at risk of chronic kidney disease if you
• Have diabetes
• Have high blood pressure
• Are obese
• Are over 50 years of age
• Have a family history of kidney disease
• Smoke
• Are of Aboriginal descent.

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• Symptoms of kidney diseaseKidney disease is
  called a silent disease as there are often few
  symptoms. Some signs and symptoms include
• Pee more and more often especially at night
• Blood in the urine
• Foaming urine
• Puffiness around the eyes and ankles
• Pain in the back (under the lower ribs, where the
  kidneys are located)
• Pain or burning when passing urine.

KIDNEY TRANSPLANT ANIMATION http//www.kidneypati
entguide.org.uk/site/TRAanim.php
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• Lifestyle changes can keep your kidneys healthy
• Making healthy lifestyle choices can help to keep
  your kidneys functioning well
• Eat lots of fruit and vegetables and grain-based
  food like bread, pasta, noodles and rice.
• Eat some lean meat like chicken and fish each
  week.
• Eat only small amounts of salty or fatty food.
• Drink plenty of water instead of sugary drinks.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Stay fit. Do at least 30 minutes of physical
  activity that increases your heart rate on five
  or more days of the week including walking, lawn
  mowing, bike riding, swimming or gentle aerobics.
  
• Dont smoke.
• Limit your alcohol to two small drinks per day if
  you are male or one small drink per day if you
  are female.
• Have your blood pressure checked regularly.
• Do things that help you relax and reduce your
  stress levels.