CHAPTER 7 CELL STRUCTURE

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CHAPTER 7 CELL STRUCTURE FUNCTION
Holliston HS Tyska CPI BIO

• 7-1 LIFE IS CELLULAR

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DISCOVERY OF CELLS
ROBERT ________________, 1665 observed cork
cells under a simple microscope called them
cells _____________________________, 1675
developed first light microscope, saw tiny living
organisms he called animalcules
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ROBERT HOOKES MICROSCOPE
SKETCH OF CELLS FROM CORK TISSUE
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CELL THEORY

• 3 Parts to Cell theory
• All living things are made of one or more cells
• Cells are the basic units of structure and
  function.
• Cells are produced only from existing cells

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EXPLORING THE CELL

• _____________________Microscopes- light travels
  through thin pieces of a specimens to enlarge it
• ________________ Microscope- a beam of electrons
  produce an enlarged imgae ? able to resolve
  details 100,000x smaller than light microscopes
• __________________-internal details (TEM)
• ________________-image of surface (SEM)

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PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES

• ALL CELLS HAVE 2 CHARACTERISTICS IN COMMON
• ________________________
• ________________________
• But cells fall into 2 broad categories based
  presences of a _____________________ (large
  membrane-enclosed structure that contains cells
  genetic material)
• ____________________________ no nucleus
• _______________________ contains a nucleus

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PROKARYOTES VS EUKARYOTES

• before kernel or before nucleus
• 3.5b years old
• No organelles
• Simple genetic material
• No nuclear membrane
• Generally smaller simpler
• (ex) bacteria

• true kernel or true nucleus
• 1.5b yrs old
• Organelles nucleus
• More complex genetic material
• Has nuclear membrane
• Generally larger more complex
• (ex) plant, animals, fungi, protists

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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

• cells are the smallest unit with the properties
  of life metabolism, responsiveness, growth,
  reproduction
• __________________________ thin outer membrane
  that separates contents of cell from outside
• ___________________________ membrane bound
  internal sac containing DNA
• ___________________________ semifluid matrix
  within cell that contains organelles
• ___________________________ small structures in
  cell for protein synthesis

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Cells work like a factory
ORGANELLES little organs

• NUCLEUS
• RIBOSOMES
• ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• GOLGI APPARATUS
• LYSOSOMES
• VACUOLES saclike structures
• MITOCHONDRIA
• CHLOROPLASTS
• CYTOSKELETON

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ANIMAL CELL (EUKARYOTIC)
DNA in nucleus
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
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NUCLEUS control center

• _______________________ contains DNA ? coded
  instructions for making proteins and other
  molecules
• ________________________ surrounding membrane
  with large pores
• _______________________ allow material to move
  into and out of nucleus
• ________________________ made of DNA
  associated proteins
• _______________________ thickened chromatin
  formed during cell division
• __________________________ made of RNA produces
  ribosomes

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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• STRUCTURE flattened folded tubules
• FUNCTION modify proteins into final proteins,
  assemble lipids ? vacuoles pinch off and go to
  Golgi bodies
• __________________________ (rER) studded with
  _____________________ that make proteins
• ________________________ (sER) no ribosomes
  makes lipids for plasma membrane fatty acid
  glycogen breakdown drug detox (liver), helps
  muscle contraction

ROUGH ER
SMOOTH ER
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GOLGI APPARATUS

• STRUCTURE flattened sac of membranes piled upon
  each other
• FUNCTION _____________________ proteins by
  attaching sugars lipids to them
  _________________ final proteins in vacuoles

GOLGI BODY
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LYSOSOMES ___________________ centers

• STRUCTURE vacuoles budding from Golgi that
  contain hydrolytic enzymes (low pH)
• FUNCTIONS __________________
  ________________worn, damaged or foreign
  materials cells

LYSOSOMES
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SPECIALIZED PLANT ORGANELLECENTRAL VACUOLE

• STRUCTURE single, large fluid-filled vacuole in
  plants
• FUNCTION stores ___________________,
  ___________________, ___________________,
  _________________ also expands during growth and
  increases fluid pressure on cell wall

CENTRAL VACUOLE
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MITOCHONDRIA _______________

• STRUCTURE double membrane smooth outer
  membrane folded inner membrane holds enzymes
  for cellular respiration
• FUNCTION enzymes break down food ? form
  ________________________ for cell use in a
  process called cellular respiration

MITOCHONDRION
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SPECIALIZED PLANT ORGANELLES CHLOROPLASTS
CHLOROPLASTS site of ___________________________
store chlorophyll (green pigment) capture
energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical
energy STRUCTURE disc shape with three membranes
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CYTOSKELETON

• STRUCTURE organized system of 2 types of
  protein filaments that extend between nucleus and
  plasma membrane
• _____________________________
• _____________________________
• FUNCTION forms an internal framework that
  ______________ cell shape, __________________
  organelles, provides path to ______________
  organelles

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MICROFILAMENTS (actin filaments)

• STRUCTURE long, thin, solid fibers made of 2
  intertwined strands of actin
• FUNCTIONS
• _____________________ support of cell
• Muscle_______________
• cell __________________

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MICROTUBULES

• STRUCTURE hollow cylinders of globular proteins
  that can grow and shorten
• FUNCTION forms an internal framework that
  _________________________, _______________________
  __, provides ___________________ organelles
  forms mitotic spindle in cell division

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CENTRIOLES basal bodies

• STRUCTURE located near nucleus in animal cells
  only (not found in plant cells)
• FUNCTION produces and organizes microtubule
  structure during ___________________ also help
  build _____________________________
  and_______________________

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ANIMAL CELL STRUCTURE
NUCLEUS
CYTOSKELETON
RIBOSOMES
ROUGH ER
MITOCHONDRION
SMOOTH ER
CENTRIOLES
GOLGI BODY
LYSOSOME
PLASMA MEMBRANE
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CENTRAL VACUOLE
CHLOROPLAST
CELL WALL
NUCLEUS
CYTOSKELETON
RIBOSOMES
ROUGH ER
MITOCHONDRION
SMOOTH ER
GOLGI BODY
PLANT CELL STRUCTURE
PLASMA MEMBRANE
LYSOSOME-LIKE VESICLE
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ANIMAL CELL VS PLANT CELL

• LYSOSOMES
• CENTRIOLES
• FLAGELLA

• CENTRAL VACUOLE
• CHLOROPLASTS
• CELL WALL