Graphic Organizer Please copy the following Table in your Journal

1
Graphic OrganizerPlease copy the following Table
in your Journal

Feature
Geocentric System
Heliocentric System
Object at center
Earth
Objects that move around center
Planets and sun
Proposed by
Copernicus
Supporters
Ptolemy
2
Geocentric System
- Observing the Solar System

• In a geocentric system, Earth is at the center of
  the revolving planets and stars.

3
Heliocentric System

• In a heliocentric system, Earth and the other
  planets revolve around the sun.

4
Solar System Activity
- Observing the Solar System

• Click the Active Art button to open a browser
  window and access Active Art about the solar
  system. Answer the questions on your lab sheet
• (using complete sentences - of course)

5
Planet Speed Versus Distance
- Observing the Solar System

• Johannes Kepler discovered a relationship between
  the speed of a planet and its distance from the
  sun. Use the graph to discover what Kepler
  learned.

6
Planet Speed Versus Distance

• Reading Graphs
• 1. According to the graph, what is Earths
  average speed?

7
Planet Speed Versus Distance

• Interpreting Data
• 2. Which is closer to the sun, Mercury or Mars?
  Which moves faster?

8
Planet Speed Versus Distance

• Drawing Conclusions
• 3. What is the general relationship between a
  planets speed and its average distance from the
  sun?

9
Planet Speed Versus Distance

• Predicting
• 4. The planet Uranus is about 2,900 million km
  from the sun. Predict whether its speed is
  greater or less than Jupiter's speed. Explain
  your answer.

10
The Layers of the Sun
- The Sun

• The sun has an interior and an atmosphere, each
  of which consists of several layers.

11
Outlining
- The Sun
The Sun

• Terms for the Suns Interior
• The Core
• The Radiation Zone
• The Convection Zone
• Terms for the Suns Atmosphere
• The Photosphere
• The Chromosphere
• The Corona
• Terms for Features on the Sun
• Sunspots
• Prominences
• Solar Flares
• Solar Wind

• As you research the sun using pages 43-47 in your
  text book, write the definitions to the terms
  located to the left.

12
The Inner Planets
- The Inner Planets

• The inner planets take up only a small part of
  the solar system. Note that sizes and distances
  are not drawn to scale.

13
Earths Layers
- The Inner Planets

• Earth has three main layersa crust, a mantle,
  and a core.

14
Mercury
- The Inner Planets

• Mercury is the smallest terrestrial planet and
  the planet closest to the sun.

15
Venus
- The Inner Planets

• Venuss density and internal structure are
  similar to Earths. But, in other ways, Venus and
  Earth are very different.

16
Venus
- The Inner Planets

• This figure combines images of Venus taken from
  space with a camera (left) and radar (right). The
  camera image shows Venuss thick atmosphere.
  Radar is able to penetrate Venuss clouds to
  reveal the surface. Both images are false color.

17
Mars
- The Inner Planets

• Mars is called the red planet. When you see it
  in the sky, it has a slightly reddish tinge. This
  reddish color is due to the breakdown of
  iron-rich rocks, which creates a rusty dust that
  covers much of Marss surface.

18
Mars
- The Inner Planets

• Mares has ice caps at both poles. Scientists
  think that a large amount of liquid water flowed
  on Mars's surface in the distant past.

19
Gas Giants and Pluto
- The Outer Planets

• The first four outer planetsJupiter, Saturn,
  Uranus, and Neptuneare much larger and more
  massive than Earth, and they do not have solid
  surfaces. Pluto is small and rocky.

20
Jupiters Structure
- The Outer Planets

• Jupiter is composed mainly of the elements
  hydrogen and helium.

21
Jupiters Moons
- The Outer Planets

• The astronomer Galileo discovered Jupiters four
  largest moons. They are named Io, Europa,
  Ganymede, and Callisto.

22
Saturn
- The Outer Planets

• Saturn has the most spectacular rings of any
  planet.

23
Uranus
- The Outer Planets

• Although the gas giant Uranus is about four times
  the diameter of Earth, it is still much smaller
  than Jupiter and Saturn.

24
Uranus
- The Outer Planets

• Uranuss axis of rotation is tilted at an angle
  of about 90 degrees from the vertical.

25
Neptune
- The Outer Planets

• Neptune is a cold, blue planet. Its atmosphere
  contains visible clouds.

26
Pluto
- The Outer Planets

• Pluto has a solid surface and is much smaller and
  denser than the other outer planets.

27
Identifying Main Ideas
- The Outer Planets

• As you read pgs. 70-74 The Outer Planets write
  the main ideathe biggest or most important
  ideain a graphic organizer like the one below.
  Then write supporting details that further
  explain the main idea.

Main Idea
The four gas giants are similar in
Detail
Detail
Detail
Detail
28
End of SectionThe Outer Planets
29
Structure of a Comet
- Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors

• The main parts of a comet are the nucleus, the
  coma, and the tail. Most comets have two tailsa
  bluish gas tail and a white dust tail.

30
Comet Orbits
- Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors

• Most comets revolve around the sun in very long,
  narrow orbits. Gas and dust tails form as the
  comet approachesthe sun.

31
The Asteroid Belt
- Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors

• Most asteroids revolve around the sun between the
  orbits of Mars and Jupiter. This region is called
  the asteroid belt.

32
Comparing and Contrasting
- Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors

• As you read pg. 83-87, compare and contrast
  comets, asteroids, and meteoroids by completing a
  table like the one below.

Comets, Asteroids, and Meteoroids
Feature
Comets
Asteroids
Meteoroids
Origin
Size
Composition
33
How Earth Moves
- Earth in Space

• Earth moves through space in two major ways
  rotation and revolution.

34
Sunlight Striking Earths Surface
- Earth in Space

• Near the equator, sunlight strikes Earths
  surface more directly and is less spread out than
  near the poles.

35
Seasons on Earth
- Earth in Space

• Earth has seasons because it is tilted as it
  revolvesaround the sun.

36
Seasons on Earth
- Earth in Space

• The height of the sun above the horizon varies
  with the season.

37
Seasons Activity
- Earth in Space

• Click the Active Art button to open a browser
  window and access Active Art about the seasons.

38
Gravity
- Gravity and Motion

• The strength of the force of gravity between two
  objects depends on two factors the masses of the
  objects and the distance between them.

39
Gravity Versus Distance
- Gravity and Motion

• As a rocket leaves a planets surface, the force
  of gravity between the rocket and the planet
  changes. Use the graph to answer the following
  questions.

40
Gravity Versus Distance
- Gravity and Motion

• Reading Graphs
• 1. What two variables are being graphed? In what
  units is each variable measured?

41
Gravity Versus Distance
- Gravity and Motion

• Reading Graphs
• 2. What is the force of gravity on the rocket at
  the planets surface?

42
Gravity Versus Distance
- Gravity and Motion

• Reading Graphs
• 3. What is the force of gravity on the rocket at
  a distance of two units (twice the planets
  radius from its center)?

43
Gravity Versus Distance
- Gravity and Motion

• Making Generalizations
• 4. In general, how does the force of gravity
  pulling on the rocket change as the distance
  between it and the planet increases?

44
Gravity and Inertia
- Gravity and Motion

• Newton concluded that two factorsgravity and
  inertiacombine to keep the moon in orbit around
  Earth.

45
Asking Questions
- Gravity and Motion

• Before you read pgs. 41-42, preview the red
  headings. In a graphic organizer like the one
  below, ask a question for each heading. As you
  read, write answers to your questions.

Question
Answer
What is gravity?
What is inertia?
46
Motions of the Moon
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

• The changing relative positions of the moon,
  Earth, and sun cause the phases of the moon,
  eclipses, and tides.

47
Phases of the Moon
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

• The phase of moon you see depends on how much of
  the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth.

48
Moon Phases and Eclipses Activity
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

• Click the Active Art button to open a browser
  window and access Active Art about moon phases
  and eclipses.

49
The Moons Orbit
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

• The moons orbit is tilted about 5 degrees
  relative to Earths orbit around the sun.

50
Solar EclipseSee pages 78-79
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

• A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes
  directly between Earth and the sun, blocking
  sunlight from parts of Earth.

51
Lunar Eclipse
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

• During a lunar eclipse, Earth blocks sunlight
  fromreaching the moon.

52
Tides
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

• Tides occur mainly due to the difference in the
  force of gravity between the moon and different
  parts of Earth.

53
Spring and Neap Tides
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

• When Earth, the sun, and the moon are in a
  straight line, a spring tide occurs. When the
  moon is at a right angle to the sun, a neap tide
  occurs.

54
Previewing Visuals
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

• Preview Figure 11. Then write two questions you
  have about the diagram of the phases of the moon
  in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you
  read, answer your questions.

Earths History
Q. Why does the moon have phases?
Q. Do we see different sides of the moon as the
phases of the moon appear?
55
The Moons Surface
- Earths Moon

• Features on the moons surface include maria,
  craters, and highlands.

56
The Moons Size
- Earths Moon

• The moon is 3,476 km in diameter, a little less
  than the distance across the contiguous Untied
  States.

57
The Origin of the Moon
- Earths Moon

• Scientists theorize that a planet-sized object
  collided with earth to form the moon.

58
Identifying Main Ideas
- Earths Moon

• As you read the section The Moons
  Surface,(pgs. write the main idea in a graphic
  organizer like the one below. Then write three
  supporting details that further explain the main
  idea.

Main Idea
The moons surface has a variety of features such
as
Detail
Detail
Detail
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Graphic Organizer

Earth
revolves
On its axis
causing
causing
Years
60
End of Slide ShowComplete packet and give to
Mr. Holland