Information is

1
Information is Social PeoplePracticaliEdge
2007 KeynoteUniversity of Washington iSchool
March 28, 2007 Stuart WeibelSenior Research
ScientistOCLC Programs and Research
2
Some general questions on the theme of
Information as people, social, and practical

• Why people are
• problematic
• Discontinuities in the
• fabric of social
• networking
• What does it mean
• to be
• digitally practical
• for Library systems today?

3
The Problems of People on the Internet are
primarily problems of Identify

• Who are you?
• How do I know you are who you say you are?
• What do I know about you?
• What SHOULD I know about you?
• How do I manage what others know about me, and
  what I dont want them to know?

4
Even STILL, No one knows if youre a dog

• http//www.windley.com/events/iiw2007a/announcemen
  tIdentity
• Identity infrastructure on the Internet remains
  problematic
• One-off authentication schemes lead to
  proliferation of passwords and unstable and
  dangerous data management practices that make
  identity theft a growth industry
• I cant remember my passwords

5
Kim Camerons Laws of Identityhttp//www.identity
blog.com/
6
Laws of IdentityKim Cameron

• 1. User Control and Consent
• Technical identity systems must only reveal
  information identifying a user with the users
  consent.
• 2. Minimal Disclosure for a Constrained Use
• The solution that discloses the least amount of
  identifying information necessary for a given
  purpose is best
• 3. Justifiable Parties
• Digital identity systems must disclosure
  identifying information only to parties having a
  necessary and justifiable place in a given
  identity relationship.
• 4. Directed Identity
• A universal identity system must support both
  beacon identifiers for use by public entities
  and unidirectional identifiers for use by
  private entities

7
Laws of Identity (continued)

• 5. Pluralism of Operators and Technologies
• A universal identity system must support
  multiple identity technologies run by multiple
  identity providers.
• 6. Human Integration
• A lucid model of interaction is important
  protection against identity attacks. Users must
  understand the model
• 7. Consistent Experience Across Contexts
• identity infrastructure must guarantee its users
  a simple, consistent experience across many
  contexts

8
CardSpace is Microsofts Vista-based identity
management system

• Informed by the failure of Passport
• Part of an open framework for network identity
  management (works and plays well with others)
• Subjects (people who make claims about identity)
• Relying Parties (individuals or organizations
  evaluating claims about identity)
• Providers (agencies that issue secure tokens to
  support claims about identity)

9
David Chappell Understanding Cardspacehttp//msd
n2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa480189.aspx
10
What about Identity Beacons

• Public Identity is a prominent facet of all
  social systems
• A Website is an active public identity beacon
  making claims
• This is who we are, what we do, what we believe,
  what we sell.
• Passive identity beacons are also important to
  us
• Public claims about other people, who they are,
  what they have written
• Telephone books, encyclopedia entries, DMV
  records, voting rolls.

11
Brands Trust by another name?

• Short hand for
• Sweet, cold, carbonated drink
• Online Answers
• Cool electronics
• Nose-blowing
• Paper copies
• Online garage sales
• Stupid pet tricks online
• Furniture (some assembly required)
• Trust

12
Brandshttp//www.bizreport.com/2007/01/brandchann
elcom_release_global_brand_survey_results.html3,
625 participants from 100 countries Which brand
had the most impact on our lives in 2006?

• 1. Google2. Apple3. YouTube4.
  Wikipedia5. Starbucks6. Nokia7. Skype8.
  IKEA9. Coca-Cola10. Toyota

• Not most important
• Not highest economic impact
• Not Best

13
Brands by regionhttp//www.brandchannel.com/start
1.asp?fa_id352
Global Google Apple YouTube Wikipedia Starbucks
Euro-Africa Ikea Skype Nokia Zara Adidas
US/Canada Apple YouTube Google Starbucks Wikipedia
Latin-Amer Corona Bacardi Movistar Havaianas Bimbo
Asia Sony Toyota HSBC Samsung Honda
14
WorldCat Identities (beta)Thom Hickey Ralph
LeVan, OCLC Programs and Research

• 20,000,000 names of people (real and fictional),
  organizations, and a smattering of animals (real
  and fictional)
• Mined from OCLC records (100,000,000 records
  representing a billion plus of the common library
  holdings of OCLCs global membership

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
AntiSocial Networking

• Web 2.0 is hot enough to be Times Person of the
  Year
• A recent Wired Magazine article suggested that
  40 of Internet users want to contribute content
• Blogs photographs ratings and reviews tagging,
  and of course, videos.
• We want to chat, share, recommend, play games,
  write book reports???

24
Everything 2.0 (Web 2.0, Library 2.0.)

• Bringing people back into the loop through the
  use of so-called Social Software
• Andrew McAfees SLATES pneumonic
• Search Find what you need, enhanced by emergent
  description (see tags, below)
• Links link relationships or link ranking
  algorithms
• Authoring Ease of content creation spare me
  the angle brackets, make it bone simple
• Tags What do my colleagues call this? I bet it
  works better than what the IT department calls it
• Extensions If you thought X was good
  interesting important useful, you might, by
  extension, find Y so
• Signals tell me something has changed

25
WEB 2.0 use at the University of OxfordDave
Whitehttp//tallblog.conted.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/u
ploads/2007/03/survey-summary.pdf
26
WEB 2.0 use at the University of OxfordDave
Whitehttp//tallblog.conted.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/u
ploads/2007/03/survey-summary.pdf
27
But. Is Social Network Fatigue taking hold?

• Dont make me sign in again
• Dont make me redo work Ive done
• Dont make me relearn everything to do 5 percent
  more
• Dont make me remember a new password
• Do respect my contribution
• Do respect my rights (to my own content)
• Maybe even give me a piece of the pie?

28
Rights Questions Marshall Kirkpatrickhttp//ww
w.techcrunch.com/2006/11/13/the-new-multiply-30-vs
-vox/

• I own rights on my data I want to be able to
  easily and
• quickly take it with me from one social network
  to another.
• If I want to have a
• single login across
• those different
• networks and perhaps
• even have multiple
• personas then I ought
• to be able to do so. No
• one is doing all of that
• well, but I expect
• consumers to demand
• all of it in time.

29
When tags work and when they don't Amazon and
LibraryThing - Tim Spaldinghttp//www.librarythin
g.com/thingology/2007/02/when-tags-works-and-when-
they-dont.php

• Tagging makes the most sense when you have a lot
  of something to remember. On LibraryThing
• Users with under 50 books seldom tag
• Users with 200 or more usually do.
• When you tag on LibraryThing, you're putting your
  library in order.
• Amazon is a store, not a personal library or even
  a club.
• Amazon underplays the social. Tagging really
  kicks into high gear when the personal blooms
  into the social
• Tags on book pages do not list their taggers.
  Users don't "own" their tags. There is no way to
  export them.

30
(No Transcript)
31
Dog tags and dog house excuses, excuses, excuses

• Michael Bralys scold about my Flickr pages
• I saw a picture of your dog. Your dog? I wondered
  what his
• name is, glanced at the tags section and didn't
  see any.
• What does it mean if the only metadata on Stu
  Weibel's
• pictures is the automatic metadata from the
  camera?
• Technology? Social? Application?
• Applications interoperating, or not? Will
  Lightroom change it?
• Would a different workflow change it?

32
Tagging Incentives Brady Forrest (OReilly
Blog)http//radar.oreilly.com/archives/2007/02/co
mparing_libra.html

• Tim Spalding
• Tagging works well when people tag "their" stuff,
  but it fails when they're asked to do it to
  "someone else's" stuff.
• Joshua Schachter
• "You have to understand the selfish user" - user
  1 has to find the system useful or you won't get
  user 2. Systems that only become useful when
  lots of people are using them usually fail,
  because there's no incentive for people to
  contribute themselves."
• Jason Lefkowitz, in the first comment on Tim's
  post
• People WILL tag things if the tags are useful to
  THEM. People WILL NOT tag things if the tags are
  useful to SOMEONE ELSE.

33
Are we Social or Antisocial?

• We are mostly lazy and too busy
• Make it as easy as possible and part of a natural
  work flow
• NO NEW PASSWORDS!
• The effort has to pay off for US first before you
  can get to the network effect
• But still people want to share!
• Social networking systems need to move from the
  hyper-innovative stage towards some sort of
  platform interoperability to facilitate that
  sharing and reuse

34
Tools for Managing and Preserving My Web Presence?

• Why dont I have a tool that keeps track of what
  Ive blogged, what photos Ive posted, what
  books, articles, even comments that Ive
  published?
• Make my data portable, persistent, citable
• Give me tools to assign and manage rights

35
Speaking of practical, durable systems

• Where are libraries in all this?
• How are we doing at creating tools for managing
  and producing knowledge?
• What do we need to be doing?

36
Users and Uses of Bibliographic Data
MeetingMarch 8, 2007 Mountain View,
CAhttp//www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/meeting
s/2007_mar08.html

• Nancy Fallgren summarizes
• Two main environments for bibliographic data
• consumer environment
• management environment
• Authoritative bibliographic data is necessary to
  support both environments
• Current bibliographic data do not fully meet the
  needs of either environment.

37
Bernie Hurley, UC Berkeley(reported by Karen
Coyle) http//kcoyle.blogspot.com/2007/03/users-an
d-uses-research-libraries.html

• "Research libraries are spending a fortune on
  creating metadata that is mismatched to our
  users' needs."
• MARC isn't flexible - it's hard to integrate new
  metadata into MARC.
• Things like faceted browsing, full indexing, etc.
  are hard to do with MARC
• We need to radically simplify MARC - we aren't
  using most of it. It could be used with other
  metadata, like DC, ONIX, LOM. METS already
  packages these together. It's not just MARC
  anymore.

38
Timothy Burke at the Bibliographic Futures
Workshop (reported by Karen Coyle)http//kcoyle.b
logspot.com/2007/03/users-and-uses-research-2.html

• better off to just utterly erase our existing
  academic catalogs and forget about
  backwards-compatibility
• lock all the vendors and librarians and scholars
  together in a room, and make them hammer out
  electronic research tools with the intent of
  guiding users of all kinds to the books and
  articles and materials that they ought to find
• a catalog that is a partner rather than an
  obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledge.

39
Timothy Burke at the Bibliographic Futures
Workshop (reported by Karen Coyle)http//kcoyle.b
logspot.com/2007/03/users-and-uses-research-2.html

• The tools he wants
• Clustering tools what conversation the book was
  in, where it fits.
• tools that know lines of descent chronology and
  connections among texts
• tools that facilitate unknown connections
• tools that promote serendipity - hidden
  connections
• tools that reveal authority
• tools that know about real world usage (those who
  bought x bought y how many people checked this
  out?
• tools that expose the sociology of knowledge the
  pedigrees of authors and institutions

40
The future of Library catalogs?

• Evolving towards the network level
• Collections linked to people, organizations,
  global locations, concepts, context, metadata,
  and social networking benefits
• Fit into the flow of the work and social lives of
  patrons
• Help create a scaffolding for past knowledge and
  future productivity
• We have some serious problems in data design,
  backward compatibility, and sheer inertia, and we
  cant just scrap it all and start again

41
WorldCat LocalAppearing soon at a library near
you

• Local Content
• (OPAC, special collections, eJournals, article
  level citations)
• Branded version of WorldCat.org
• Global content provides context as well as path
  to materials unavailable locally, including group
  catalogs
• Interoperability with local delivery environment
• Circulation, interlibrary loan, access to other
  online content

42
Customized, branded view of WorldCat.org
43
Holdings Local, Group, Global
UW First
Then Summit
Rest of WorldCat
44
Full record display
45
Request
46
Full record display
47
Access to Online Full Text (via resolver)
Link displays based on e-serials
holdings Displays article from FS/ECO, if
available If not, links to resolver
48
Peter Brantley Digital Library
Federationhttp//blogs.lib.berkeley.edu/shimenawa
.php/2007/03/18/d2d_futures

• The future is not only born digital, but born
  networked
• As discovery services move to the network there
  is less reason why libraries should maintain
  duplicative local data caches
• We need more of the kind of graduates that our
  i-schools are producing with a hefty dose of the
  public services and advocacy that are the highly
  valued morale heart of libraries.
• Engagement in the development of curricula for
  the skills for network driven information
  services must be an urgent priority.

49
Web or Scaffolding?http//www.smart-kit.com/s29
1/what-spider-webs-can-teach-us-about-caffeines-ef
fect-on-the-brain/
50
Web is a wonderful metaphor, but perhaps
something a bit more durable?

• We want more
• Coherence and context
• Mature, durable environments that will help us
  preserve our work and fix it in the context of
  our culture
• Trusted identity and transaction security
• Typing
• (of resources, concepts, and links not
  passwords)
• The iSchool is part of the vanguard go forth and
  fix!

51
Thanks for having me!Find me on the Web
at

• http//weibel-lines.typepad.com
• http//www.flickr.com/photos/weibel-lines/sets/
• weibel_at_oclc.org