Energy Savings

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Energy Savings Efficiency Workshop October
10th 2010
AJ Ballard Certified Energy Manager
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Workshop Objectives

• Overview of energy short history, facts, why
  we do audits
• How to conduct a basic energy assessment
• Learn about energy, basic building structures and
  mechanical systems
• How to gather and interpret data to measure
  energy use
• Learn about simple, cost-effective ways to save
  energy

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Is the cup half empty or half full?
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Is the cup half empty or half full?
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Engineer solution for cup dilemma It is too big
!Engineering is all about trade-offs
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U.S. Fuel History 101

• Dominant Heating Fuel Sources
• coal replaces fuel wood about 1885
• petroleum replaces coal in 1951
• natural gas replaces petroleum a few years later.
  
• Electricity
• hydroelectric power appears 1890
• nuclear electric power appears about 1957
• solar electricity (incl. advanced solar H2O
  geothermal) are recent developments

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Alternative Energy for Buildings???Practical for
large commercial applications, not smaller
buildings
Cuba Naval Station reduce 650,000 gallons
diesel fuel
3.3 KW PV at Falmouth High School (5 HP motor)
405,000 BTUs for heat energy per day (3 gals of
fuel oil per day)
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Maine's Energy Facts

• Electricity
• 6th highest rates in the nation
• lt 1 electricity generated by oil
• electricity 6.60 per gallon (heating oil
  equivalent).
• Heating Oil
• lowest prices in the country (Source DOE)
• avg price over 30 yrs 1.50 per gal
• avg annual usage of heating oil
• 25 yrs ago 1200-1300 gals/yr.
• today 850 gals/yr.
• today w/ new efficient boiler lt600 gals/yr
• NOTE new generation domestic biofuels are
  making heating fuels less carbon intensive and
  cleaner burning.

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Maine's Energy Facts
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Why do we do energy audits?
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Energy Assessment/Audit Top 4 Priorities

• Heating
• Insulation Building Envelope
• Hot Water
• Lighting

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Heating

• Overview of basic heating systems
• Compiling heating fuel use history
• Calculating estimated building heating efficiency
  
• Identifying common issues and problems
• Identifying cost effective solutions

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Overview of basic heating systems

• Boiler
• Distributes heat via hot water or steam
• Delivers heat to
• Radiators
• Hot water baseboard
• Cast iron
• In floor radiant
• Oil or gas fired

• Furnace
• Distributes heat via hot air through
  ductwork
• Delivers heat to spaces
• Floor registers
• Ceiling registers
• Oil or gas fired

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Compile Heating Fuel Use History Note Energy
Use Data Tracking Sheets on MeIPL website
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Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating estimated building heating efficiency

Annual Fuel Use (gallons) Square Footage of
Building
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Determine building/heating efficiency What the
numbers mean

.1 to .25 efficient heating system well
insulated building little to no action
needed .25 to .5 investigate heating system
efficiency insulation likely action
needed .5 to .75 inefficient system or poor
insulation plan for action .75
ALERT! Youre heating the outdoors take
action immediately!
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Estimating building/heating efficiency
EXAMPLE (annual fuel use) 3890 gals .48 (sq
ft of building) 8,000 Ball Park Estimate
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Determine building/heating efficiencyCalculating
estimated building heating efficiency Church
21,000 SF
6,000 gallons/ 21,000 SF 0.29 gals/SF (base
board hot air)
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Determine building/heating efficiencyCalculating
estimated building heating efficiency Building
8,000 SF
1,350 gallons/ 8,000 SF 0.17 gals/SF (In floor
radiant heating, R50 in attic boiler fire rate
1.25 gal/hr)
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Determine building/heating efficiencyCalculating
estimated building heating efficiency Building
44,000 SF
Boiler Fire Rate 11-18 gal/hr 18,802 gallons/
44,000 SF 0.42 gals/SF Baseboard Heating
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Determine building/heating efficiencyCalculating
estimated building heating efficiency Building
13,000 SF
11,600 gallons/ 13,000 SF 0.9 gals/SF
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Identify common issues and problems

• Old boiler/furnace a heating systems typical
  life cycle is 15-25 years max
• (source American Society of Heating
  Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers)
• Lack of controls on boilers
• Lack of regular annual maintenance

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Identify cost effective solutionsnew well
maintained heating boiler (5 years old)
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Identify cost effective solutions

• Replace manual thermostats with digital up to 3
  in savings.
• Another upgrade? Install an outdoor air
  temperature sensor to control boiler (requires
  hiring a heating technician) between 10 and 20
  in savings.

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Identify cost effective solutions importance of
controls thermostats
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Identify cost effective solutions outdoor reset
control10-20 in fuel savings with outdoor reset
control

• Taco brand outdoor air sensing control for a
  boiler
• 1st reading outdoor temp of 31ºF.
• 2nd reading 138ºF water temp entering in-floor
  radiant heat.
• 3rd reading target H2O temp of 139ºF
• 4th reading boiler temperature of 156ºF.
• X

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Identify cost effective solutions outdoor reset
control10-20 in fuel savings with outdoor reset
control
NOTE Conserve energy by operating the system at
the lowest practical temperature. As the outdoor
temperature changes, the control adjusts supply
water temperatures to compensate for exterior
heat loss.
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Identify cost effective solutions boiler
control sources

Honeywell website www.forwardthinking.honeywell
.com   Tekmar web site www.tekmarcontrols.com
Both are leaders in controls 200-300 plus
installation.
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Energy Assessment Top 4 Priorities

• Heating
• Insulation Building Envelope
• Hot Water
• Lighting

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Insulation Building Envelope

• Determine efficiency of building envelope
• Calculate building efficiency
• Inspect building
• Identify common issues and problems
• Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

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Insulation Building Envelope Calculating
estimated building heating efficiency
Annual Fuel Use (gallons) Square Footage of
Building
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Determine efficiency of building envelope
Inspect building for problem areas
Image adapted from http//www.energyauditgo.com/Wo
rk.html
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Determine efficiency of building envelope
inspect building doors and windows
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Determine efficiency of building envelope
inspect building attic access
Heat loss
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Determine efficiency of building envelope Inspect
building for ice dams
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Determine efficiency of building envelope
inspect building sill plates
Masonry Foundation
Concrete Foundation
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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
Insulation Values
R-value resistance to heat flow The higher the
R-value the better!
Adapted from the US Dept of Energy 1997
Insulation Fact Sheet
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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate
Adapted from the US Dept of Energy 1997
Insulation Fact Sheet
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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate
R 38 Cellulose
R 19
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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate
Over 20 inches of blown in Cellulous Building was
a .2 gal/SF
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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate lighting
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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate install plastic film over
single pane windows
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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
install insulated doors (R12) in place of wooden
doors (R1)
HEAT LOSS!
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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate sill plate
At a minimum insulate the sill plate area to
prevent cold air infiltration
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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
install vapor barrier in crawl space
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Energy Assessment Top 4 Priorities

• Heating
• Insulation Building Envelope
• Hot Water
• Lighting

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Hot Water System

• Overview of hot water system
• Assessing hot water system
• Identify common issues and problems
• Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

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Overview of Hot Water SystemsTypical hot water
systems for congregations

• Electric hot water heater
• 40 gallons average size
• no external controls

• Boiler hot water coil
• boiler on 24/7 and/or
• electric for non heating season

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Assessing hot water system

• Determine what you make hot water for restrooms,
  kitchens, etc.
• Determine how you make hot water electric tank,
  boiler, etc
• Determine when you make hot water days w/
  highest demand
• Determine how much hot water you make see table
  below

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Assessing hot water system
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Overview of Hot Water SystemsTypical oil fired
boiler with hot water coil
Hot water coil
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Overview of Hot Water SystemsNewer systems - oil
fired boiler with indirect hot water tank
Hot water to fixtures
Cold water in
Boiler hot water _at_ 140ºF - 180ºF circulates
through a coil immersed in the indirect hot water
tank transferring the heat to the domestic hot
water surrounding the coil and returns to the
boiler to be heated again.
Boiler
Indirect hot water storage tank with coil
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Identify common issues and problems

• Heater and pipes not insulated
• Hot water heater temperature set too high
• Water being heated when not in demand
• Water heater tied to heating system requiring
  boiler firing during non heating season
• Constant hot water circulation

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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

• Reduce hot water temperature. If hot water is for
  general use (e.g., hand washing) reduce
  temperature to 120 degrees or less.
• Install a timer on your hot water tank
• One congregation saved 700 in a year
• One congregation spent 150 on a timer and saw a
  2 month pay back

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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions 7
Day timer vs. 24 hour timer
www.tork.com
www.intermatic.com
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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions On
Demand Tankless Water Heaters

• Heat water directly without the use of a storage
  tank
• When hot water tap is turned on, cold water
  travels into the unit and an electric element or
  gas fired coil heats the water. You only consume
  energy when you open the faucet
• No standby heat losses. Delivers a constant
  supply of hot water
• Two types
• Electric provide approximately 2 gallons per
  minute
• Gas-fired produce higher flow rates between 5 -
  8 gallons per minute
• Must have large domestic hot water demand to
  justify

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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions On
Demand Tankless Water Heaters
Gas fired 1500- 2000 Electric 200- 400
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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
tank vs. tankless
Rinnai tankless provides 240 gallons per hour
40 gallon electric tank provides 45 gallons per
hour
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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
Small Electric Targeted On Demand Water Heaters

• Ariston-Point-of-Use Water Heaters
• 2.75 Gallons - GL2.5  199.36
• 3.85 Gallons - GL4  216.29

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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
Insulate hot water piping
Heat loss with no insulation
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Energy Assessment Top 4 Priorities

• Heating
• Insulation Building Envelope
• Hot Water
• Lighting

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Lighting

• Overview of lighting
• Assess lighting use and needs
• Identify common issues and problems
• Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

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Assess Use Needs of Lighting

• Take inventory of lights
• Inventory should by type and by area (room,
  hallway, etc.)
• Note be mindful of minimum lighting requirements
  (e.g. adequate lighting in stairwells)
• Assign hours per week that lights are on and
  determine cost

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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

• Turn off lights (and other equipment) when not in
  use.
• Adjust lighting levels to match needs. Remove
  un-needed lighting check current lighting
  levels against IES recommended levels.
• Make use of free day lighting where possible
• Use high reflectance ceiling tiles and light
  colors on walls, partitions, and carpeting to
  carry daylight into interior space.

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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

• Replace incandescent bulbs with compact
  fluorescents (CFLs) wherever possible.
• CFLs only use only about half the energy, plus,
  they last 10-12 times as long, saving on
  replacement bulb cost and labor.

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Identify cost effective, immediate
solutionsDimmer switches on Incandescent lights
DO save energy!
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Identify cost effective, immediate
solutionsinstall occupancy sensors

• Install occupancy sensor switches in
  seldom-occupied areas
• Passive Infrared (PIR) which detects body heat
• Ultrasonic (US) units which detects body
  movement.
• Install controls on exterior lights.
• Install motion sensors, time clocks, or
  photoelectric sensors on exterior parking lots
  and security lighting.

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Sensor Applications
Occupancy sensor on fluorescent fixture
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Special Considerations for Faith Communities
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Special Considerations for Faith Communities
Review occupancy rate over a 7 day week
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Special Considerations for Faith Communities
Sanctuary ceilings often a problem area
Sanctuary Ceiling R 1?
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Special Considerations for Faith Communities
Assessing hot water system

• Determine what you make hot water for typically
  congregations use hot water for restrooms,
  kitchens and dishwasher
• Determine how you make hot water electric tank,
  boiler, etc
• Determine when you make hot water days w/
  highest demand

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Special Considerations for Faith Communities
Lighting
T-5

• Fluorescent tube lighting
• T12 1 ½
• T8 1 inch
• T5 lt1 inch
• Note If your fluorescent lighting has not been
  upgraded in the last 10
• years then it is most likely T-12
• Incandescent lights old fashioned light bulbs
• Compact fluorescent light bulbs
• Coming soon LEDs!

T-8
T-12
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Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

• Replace incandescent bulbs with compact
  fluorescents (CFLs) wherever possible.
• CFLs only use only about half the energy, plus,
  they last 10-12 times as long, saving on
  replacement bulb cost and labor.
• Replace incandescent and fluorescent exit signs
  with light emitting diodes (LEDs) or the latest
  solid-state technology.
• LEDs exit signs use about 1/10th the energy of an
  incandescent bulb.
• Replace T-12 fluorescent fixtures with energy
  saving T-8 fixtures and electronic ballasts.

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Special Considerations for Faith Communities
address air circulation (especially in
sanctuaries)

• Airius Thermal Equalizers
• Installation of the units will help to stabilize
  the temperature
• Peak ceiling temperature are 5 to 10 degrees
  warmer than the floor.
• Reported fuel oil savings 10-20
• Available at Maine Green Building Supply in
  Portland

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Estimated Fuel Savings 10 - 20
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Special Considerations for Faith Communities
Incentives

• Coming Soon
• Energy Audit Rebate Program for Faith Communities
• Audits available for 250 to 800, depending on
  need
• Audit cost is rebated following completion of
  energy efficiency upgrades
• Program details available November, 2010

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Words of wisdom found in the attic of a old
church built in the 1840s. Recent renovations to
the structure in 2002
In the year of the lord 2002, May the original
builder forgive our affront to their craft
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Special Considerations for Faith Communities
Incentives

• Participants receive specified incentives for
  purchase of pre-qualified energy efficient
  equipment
• Prescriptive Incentives
• Lighting
• Motors
• HVAC
• Variable Frequency Drive for HVAC systems
• Project Pre-Approval IS REQUIRED for most
  prescriptive incentives
• Lighting Refrigeration in excess of 2,500
• HVAC Variable Frequency Drives

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Contact Information AJ Ballard Certified
Energy ManagerEfficiency Maine Small Business
Energy Audit Manageraj_at_bravozuluenergy.com
207-522-7927 Harry BrownMaine Interfaith Power
and Light [phone]harry_at_meipl.org
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