Food and Your heath

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Food and Your heath

• Lecture 20April 7, 2008Dr. Hirsch

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Food and Your Heart

• Heart/Cardiovascular disease statistics
• Risk Factors
• Leading cardiovascular diseases
• Preventing Cardiovascular Disease
• Dietary Guidelines and a Heart Healthy Diet

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Leading Causes of Death in the U.S.
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Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease

• Modifiable
• Tobacco smoke
• High blood cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Obesity and overweight
• Physical inactivity

• NOT modifiable
• Increasing age
• 83 who die are 65
• MALE (gender)
• Heredity (including Race)
• Family History
• Children w/ parents with CVD
• African Americans Caucasian

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Leading Causes of Cardiovascular Disease

• Atherosclerosis
• Narrowing of the arteries due to build-up of
• cholesterol-containing plaque in the arterial
  wall
• Hypertension
• High blood pressure

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Atherosclerosis

• Narrowing of the arteries due to build-up of
  cholesterol-containing plaque in the arteries

Much more than simple accumulation of lipids
within the artery wall it is a complex
inflammatory response to tissue damage
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Atherosclerosis Process

• 1. Initiating step injury or inflammation in the
  arterial wall
• 2. Plaque forms
• oxidized lipid-rich cells localize underneath
  the arterial wall
• (e.g. foam cells)
• 3. Artery walls lose elasticity, arteries narrow
  preventing blood flow, clots can form

Virtually every step in atherogenesis is believed
to involve substances involved in the
inflammatory response and cells that are
characteristic of inflammation
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Consequences of Atherosclerosis

• Blood clots (platelets action)
• thrombosis (restriction or closure of a blood
  vessel) affecting heart, brain, etc.
• High blood pressure
• heart attack and stroke

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Hypertension

• High blood pressureA consistent blood pressure
  of 140/90 mmHg
• Increases risk of heart disease, renal disease,
  and stroke
• 1 out of 4 Americans has hypertension
• No warning signs or symptoms

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Background What is Blood Pressure?

• The force of blood against the wall of the
  arteries
• Systolic as the heart contracts
• Diastolic as the heart relaxes
• Written as
• systolic
• diastolic

Exact cause of High Blood Pressure not known
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Why is Hypertension is an important issue?

• Makes the heart work too hard
• Makes the walls of arteries hard

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Hypertension effects on the body
HEART
BRAIN
EYE
KIDNEY

• Risk factor for stroke
• Weakens blood vessels causing bleeding in the
  brain

• Narrow and thickened the blood vessels causes
  waste to accumulate in the blood, can result in
  kidney damage

• Rupture of blood vessel in the eye
• Can result in blurred vision or even blindness

• Major risk factor for heart attack
• 1 one risk factor for congestive heart failure

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Who can develop High Blood Pressure?

• Anyone, but it is more common in
• Race African Americans
• get it earlier and more often then Caucasians
• Age
• As we get older.
• 60 of Americans over the age of 60 have
  hypertension
• Overweight
• Family history

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Preventing Cardiovascular Disease
X

• Modifiable
• Tobacco smoke
• High blood cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Obesity and overweight
• Physical inactivity

• NOT modifiable
• Increasing age
• 83 who die are 65
• MALE (gender)
• Heredity (including Race)
• Family History
• Children w/ parents with CVD
• African Americans Caucasian

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Diet Tips for Heart Health

• FATS AND CHOLESTEROL
• Choose lean meats and poultry without skin and
  prepare them without added saturated and trans
  fat
• Select fat-free, 1, and low-fat dairy products
• Cut back on foods containing partially
  hydrogenated vegetable oils to reduce trans fat
  in your diet
• Cut back on foods high in dietary cholesterol.
• SUGARS
• Cut back on beverages and foods with added sugars
• SALT
• Choose and prepare foods with little or no salt.
  Aim to eat less than 2,300 milligrams of sodium
  per day
• ALCOHOL
• If you drink alcohol, drink in moderation. That
  means one drink per day if youre a woman and two
  drinks per day if youre a man

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Dietary Guidelines for Fat total daily calories

• Limit TOTAL fat intake to less than 2535
• Limit Saturated fat intake
• Limit trans fat intake to
• Remaining fat should come from sources of
  monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats such as
  nuts, seeds, fish and vegetable oils
• Limit cholesterol intake to
• If you have coronary heart disease or your LDL
  cholesterol level is 100 mg/dL or greater, limit
  your cholesterol intake to less than 200
  milligrams a day

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The Heart Healthy Diet is designed to

• Decrease
• BAD Fats
• Saturated fat
• Trans fats
• Sodium

• Increase
• Monounsaturated fat
• Omega 3 fatty acids
• Soluble fiber

Keep blood cholesterol low Keep blood pressure in
check
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Cholesterol Transported in the blood

• ? Fat
• ? Cholesterol
• ? Inflammation

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Maintaining Cholesterol Levels
LDL Bad
HDL Good
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Reducing High Blood Pressure

• Following a healthy eating pattern
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Being Physically Active
• Limiting Alcohol
• Quitting Smoking

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Healthy Eating DASH diet

• DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
• 11 week trial
• Emphasizes
• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Low-fat dairy food
• Low sodium

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DASH diet
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Tips for Reducing Sodium

• Buy fresh, plain frozen or canned no added salt
  vegetables
• Use fresh poultry, lean meat, and fish
• Use herbs, spices, and salt-free seasonings at
  the table and while cooking
• Choose convenience foods low in salt
• Rinse canned foods to reduce sodium

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Sodium Quiz (True or False)

• 1. Eating a can of soup at lunch is a good
  alternative to a hamburger and fries?
• 2. Frozen dinners are a good choice when you are
  trying to eat less sodium
• 3. Herbs, spices, and salt-free seasoning blends
  are better for cooking and putting on the table.
  

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Other Options - Pharmaceuticals

• If lifestyle modification is not working, blood
  pressure medication may be needed, there are
  several types
• Diuretics
• work on the kidney to remove excess water and
  fluid from body to lower blood pressure
• Beta blockers
• reduce impulses to the heart and blood vessels