CAFOs: Buffers MO Stat Chapter 640.700.758

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State Regulation of CAFOs Missouri (Chapter
640.700 et seq.)

• Statute enacted in 1996
• Sunset after 5 years (original enactment)
• Legislature removed the sunset in 2001
• Setback Distances for Lagoons and other CAFO
  structures like buildings From existing
  occupied residences any public buildings
• Not from the boundary line nor from wells
• Nothing in this section shall be construed as
  restricting local controls
• DNR may, upon review of the information contained
  in the site plan including, but not limited to,
  the prevailing winds, topography and other local
  environmental factors, authorize a distance which
  is less than the buffer distance set out in the
  statute
• But NOT more than those stated buffer distances
• This would prevent DNR from requiring larger
  buffers
• Would require the Legislature to change the
  statute setting out the buffer distances

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CAFOs Categories(MO Statutes Chapter 640.703

• Class IA 7,000 or more units (capacity)
• Class IB 3,000-6,999 units (capacity)
• Class IC 1,000-2,999 units (capacity)
• Class II 300-999 units (capacity)
• One Animal Unit, as defined by DNR
• 2.5 hogs --30 laying hens
• 1 beef cow --100 broiler chickens
• 0.7 dairy cow -- 55 turkeys
• 0.5 horse --10 sheep

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Buffers

• From the CAFO building or lagoon and the nearest
  neighbors residence (not the neighbors well nor
  the boundary line)
• Class 1A 3,000 feet
• Class 1B 2,000 feet
• Class 1C 1,000 feet
• Class II No buffer requirement
• Example No buffer is required for a hog CAFO
  with fewer than 2,500 hogs (1,000 animal units)

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CAFO Class IA Costs

• Inspections by DNR Min. 1 per quarter
• Hire Inspection Employee
• Recordkeeping Inspect flush system every 12
  hours
• Self-Report Violations to DNR Neighbors Within
  Buffer Zone Within 24 hours
• Fee to Indemnity Fund 10-cents per animal unit
  annually for 10 years (eg., 700/year for 7,000
  animal units or 17,500 hogs)

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Notice to Neighbors

• Prior to filing an application to acquire a
  construction permit from DNR, the owner or
  operator of any class IA, class IB, or class IC
  CAFO shall provide the following information to
  the DNR, to the county governing body, and to all
  adjoining property owners of property located
  within one and one- half times the buffer
  distance as specified for the size of the
  proposed facility
• (1) The number of animals anticipated at such
  facility
• (2) The waste handling plan and general layout of
  the facility
• (3) The location and number of acres of such
  facility
• (4) Name, address, telephone number and
  registered agent for further information as it
  relates to subdivisions (1) to (3) of this
  subsection
• (5) Notice that DNR will accept written comments
  from the public for a period of thirty days and
• (6) The address of the regional or state office
  of DNR.

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CAFOs Grandfathered, Sunset, Exemption

• Grandfather Clause
• 640.710.3 All concentrated animal feeding
  operations in existence as of June 25, 1996,
  shall be exempt from the buffer distances
• Sunset (removed and made permanent in 2001)
• 640.755.3 The provisions of this section shall
  terminate five years after June 25, 1996
• Exemption
• 640.758 The provisions of this act shall not
  be construed to apply to any livestock market

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Value of Hogs and Pigs as a Percent of
Agriculture Products Sold, 2002
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• In Quebec, for example, 10 of the complaints
  about odors involved farm buildings, 20 dealt
  with manure storages, and 70 involved land
  application activities. Management of manure
  slurry outside the production building was
  therefore responsible for 90 of the complaints
• Humans have a highly developed sense of smell,
  but not everyone smells the same thing. Thus the
  response to odor intensity is highly variable,
  influenced by factors like peoples background,
  perception of hog production, and sensitivity of
  the olfactory system.
• Until recently, odors were considered essentially
  as a nuisance problem. However, there is new
  evidence that odors can have also some negative
  effects on human health, causing nausea,
  headaches, sleep disturbances, upset stomach and
  loss of appetite, and depression.
• Health problems can be more serious for farm
  workers who are exposed continuously to odors,
  dust, and toxic gases. Some farm workers have
  developed respiratory problems such as chronic
  bronchitis, occupational asthma or even worse,
  farmers lung disease.

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Best Management Practices for the Management of
Animal Manure

• Keeping animals and facilities clean
• Injecting or incorporating manure below the
  soil surface
• Applying manure when the wind is blowing away
  from neighbors and dwellings
• Applying manure in the morning or on cloudy
  days
• Using trees as windbreaks to promote upwards
  dispersion of odors

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Cost-Effective Technologies Used In Other
Countries

• Covering the storage tank can reduce odors by 90
• Adding alkaline material may reduce odors
• Adding sphagnum peat moss or other acidifying
  amendments to manure lagoons reduces odors
• Manure from anaerobic digestion systems is less
  offensive than undigested waste
• Bubbleless oxygenation reduces hydrogen sulfide
  production to non-detectable levels by GasTec
  Sensidyne dosimeter tube
• A floating permeable blanket can allow a 90
  reduction in ammonia and hydrogen sulfide
• Manure would be either injected or incorporated
  within 24 hours of spreading

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• The goals of human waste treatment facilities or
  municipal sewage plants are quite different than
  in pork production. Since most water from these
  facilities is returned to streams or rivers, the
  nitrogen, phosphorus and biological oxygen demand
  (BOD5) and total suspended solids (TSS) must be
  greatly reduced by the treatment system used.
• In human waste systems, we must minimize all
  organic matter including critical nutrients, but
  with hogs, the valuable nutrients are used for a
  productive purpose, to support plant growth.
• These totally different goals are a reason that
  it serves little purpose to compare the manure
  output of hogs and humans.

Source Georgia Extension, http//www.ads.uga.edu
/extension/newsletters/lvstk-jan98.html
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• Phosphorus found in corn, the base feed source of
  pigs, is poorly digested and utilized by the pig.