Dr Sigrid Lipka s.lipkaderby.ac.uk

1

• Dr Sigrid Lipka s.lipka_at_derby.ac.uk
• Workshop 5
• Essay Activity Discussion of
• Outcomes from last Workshop
• MCQs on Reasoning and Problem-
• solving

2

• Essay Activity
• Remember
• You need to check the Course Handbook for
• "Guide to Writing Essays in Psychology"
• Handbooks are linked to the Current Students Home
  Page http//ibs.derby.ac.uk/psychology/current.ht
  ml
  

3

• Essay Activity
• What you should do before this Workshop
• Print out and read the two sample essays from
  Workshop 4 - - they are linked to the module web
  page, under the Workshop Timetable and
  Materials link.
• Make comments, decide on a grade and fill in
  feedback form for each essay - - CAMS assessment
  grades and Essay Feedback forms are also
  available under the Workshop Timetable and
  Materials link.

4

• Essay Activity
• In Workshop 5
• Discuss comments which you gave to the two sample
  essays from the last workshop.
  
• Discuss the grades (see copy of the CAMS
  assessment grades) you gave each essay.
  
• Discuss essay feedback form for both essays.

5

• MCQs on Reasoning
• 1. When a conclusion follows, given that a number
  of specified statements are true, this is known
  as
  
• open reasoning
• inductive reasoning
• deductive reasoning
• syllogistic reasoning
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

6

• 2. Conditional statements are of the form
• when p then q
• if p then q
• maybe p if q
• if and only if p then q
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

7

• 3. Which of the following is a valid inference
  associated with conditionals?
  
• modus ponens
• modus tollens
• denial of the antecedent
• both a and b
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

8

• 4. Which inference do participants draw most
  often when presented with conditionals in the
  lab?
  
• modus tollens
• modus ponens
• denial of the antecedent
• affirmation of the consequent
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

9

• 5. Mental models theory was proposed by
• Johnson and Johnson
• Johnson-Laird and Over
• Johnson-Laird and Byrne
• Evans
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 6. Which of the following is NOT a stage of
  reasoning as described by the Mental Models
  theory?
  
• incubation
• comprehension
• validation
• description
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

11

• MCQs on Problem-Solving
• 1. Gestalt theory states that productive problem
  solving means
  
• moving from a starting position to a goal
  position
  
• restructuring a problem in order to think about
  it in a different way
  
• not being able to access the goal state
• solving a problem in the easiest way
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 2. What can often hinder our ability for
  insight?
  
• closing our eyes
• restructuring the problem
• previous knowledge that is relevant to the
  problem
  
• nothing, insight is a natural human process which
  is not hindered by anything
  
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 3. What is functional fixedness?
• only being able to think of the normal uses of
  objects
  
• only being able to concentrate on one part of the
  problem at a time
  
• being able to use objects in different ways
• focussing on the goal of the problem
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 4. What is a heuristic?
• when you reach a dead-end in the problem and have
  to go backwards
  
• the process of moving from the initial state to
  the goal state
  
• a problem which has an infinitely large problem
  space
  
• an intuitive guide to aid the selection of an
  operator
  
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 5. Means-ends analysis is an example of
• an algorithm
• exhaustive search
• a heuristic
• trial-and-error learning
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 6. A person's representation of problem
  information is referred to as their
  
• constraint space
• problem space
• state space
• operator space
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)

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• 7. In Duncker's candle problem experiment,
  people's problem-solving success is hampered by
  
• productive thinking
• divergent thinking
• reproductive thinking
• convergent thinking
• Please select the correct answer
• a) b) c)
  d)