ClusterSector Lead Training

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Cluster/Sector Lead Training Montreux,
Switzerland 26-30 March 2007
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Why do we need humanitarian reform?
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2005 Humanitarian Response Review

• Well-known, long-standing gaps
• Erratic coordination
• Insufficient accountability
• Inconsistent donor policies

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Changing Environment

• Proliferation of actors
• Host government demands
• Changing role of the UN
• Competitive funding environment
• Increased public scrutiny

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• Whose reform?

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Strengthening partnerships
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Strengthening the Humanitarian Coordinator System
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Humanitarian Financing
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CERF

• US 500 million
• 2006 Disbursed US 250 million
• 2007 Pledges of US 350 million
• CERF represents 4 of global funding

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Flash Appeal Table with CERF Allocations
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Cluster Approach

• so whats so new???

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Aim of the cluster approach

• High standards of predictability, accountability
  and partnership in all sectors
• Global leads in all sectors
• First port of call and provider of last
  resort in all sectors

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Role of Government

• Each State has the responsibility
• first and foremost to take care
• of the victims of natural disasters
• and other emergencies occurring
• on its territory.
• GA Resolution 46/182

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Role of local NGOs
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Scope

• all contingency planning for major new
  emergencies
• all countries with Humanitarian Coordinators

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Traditional global leads

• Agriculture FAO
• Education UNICEF
• Food WFP
• Refugees UNHCR

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New global cluster leads

• Technical areas
• Nutrition UNICEF
• Water/Sanitation UNICEF
• Health WHO
• Emergency Shelter Conflict IDPs UNHCR
• Disasters IFRC Convenor
• Cross-cutting areas
• Camp Coord/Mgmt Conflict IDPs UNHCR
• Disasters IOM
• Protection Conflict IDPs UNHCR
• Disasters civilians
• in conflict (non-IDPs) HCR/OHCHR/UNICEF
• Early Recovery UNDP
• Common service areas
• Logistics WFP
• Telecommunications
  OCHA/UNICEF/WFP

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• what kind of support can
• global cluster leads provide???

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Responsibilities of global cluster leads

• Standard setting
• Stockpiles/Surge capacity/ Training
• Technical/operational support

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Global Cluster Appeal

• 2006 Appeal for US 39 million
• (US 27 million received)
• 2007 New Appeal in April
• (approx. US 60 million)

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Terminology

• Each country to decide on appropriate
  terminology, based on the working languages and
  local preferences
• A cluster is essentially a sectoral group

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• whats in the Terms of Reference for the
  cluster/sector leads???

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Terms of Reference for cluster/sector leads

• Inclusion of key partners
• Appropriate coordination mechanisms
• Coordination with national/local authorities,
  local civil society etc.
• Participatory community-based approaches
• Attention to priority cross-cutting issues
• Needs assessment and analysis

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• Emergency preparedness
• Planning and strategy development
• Application of standards
• Monitoring and reporting
• Advocacy and resource mobilization
• Training and capacity building
• Provider of last resort

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• so how do you choose the cluster leads???

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Designating cluster leads in major new emergencies

• Within the first 24 hours
• HC (or RC) consults host government and
  humanitarian partners, then agrees on priority
  sectors and designation of cluster/sector leads
• HC (or RC) sends proposal to ERC
• ERC consults humanitarian partners at global
  level (IASC)

• Within 24 hours of receiving proposal from HC
• ERC ensures agreement at global level
• ERC communicates agreement to HC (or RC)
• HC (or RC) informs host government and all
  partners

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• whats this accountability stuff all about???

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Accountability

• Global sector/cluster leads
• Accountable to the ERC, as per IASC agreements
• Country sector/cluster leads
• Accountable to the HC for carrying out the tasks
  listed in the IASC Terms of Reference
• Sector/cluster partners
• Not accountable to sector/cluster leads (except
  for specific commitments to this effect)

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Accountability to affected populations

• New commitments to
• Participatory community-based approaches
• Common needs assessment and priortization
• Common monitoring and evaluation

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RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT

• ICRC
• ICRC is not taking part in the cluster approach
• Coordination between ICRC and the UN will
  continue to the extent necessary to achieve
  efficient operational complementarity
•  IFRC
• convener rather than cluster lead disasters
• not committed to being provide of last resort,
  nor is it accountable to any part of the UN
  system

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Role of HC and OCHA

• Ensure coherent overall response
• Ensure access to the necessary common services
  and tools
• Ensure coordination structures are adapted over
  time

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Findings of Interim Self-Assessment

• Potential to improve overall effectiveness of
  humanitarian response
• Helps focus attention on long-standing gap areas
• Creates a greater spirit of working together
• Challenges need for clear information, guidance,
  training and support

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Help?

• Key documents
• IASC Guidance Note on Cluster Approach
• Specific guidance from global cluster leads
• For assistance
• Humanitarian Reform Support Unit hrsu_at_un.org
• CERF website http//cerf.un.org
• Reform Website www.humanitarianreform.org