CS 101 System Components

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CS 101System Components

• July 6, 2004
• Chapter 3 Discovering Computers
• Word Section MS Office

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Inside of a System Unit

• Mother Board
• Processor
• RAM
• Expansion Cards

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Inside of a System Unit

• Mother Board
• Processor
• RAM
• Expansion Cards

Inside
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Mother Board

• Large board inside of System Case
• Contains Chips (Processor, RAM)
• Connects with rest of computer

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Mother Board
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Processors

• Runs calculations and instructions
• Speed Measured in MHz and GHz
• Megahertz 1,000,000 cycles/second
• Gigahertz 1,000,000,000 cycles/second

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Processors

• Different varieties are available
• Intel
• Pentium Celeron
• Pentium 4
• AMDs Athelon
• Motorola in Macintosh computers

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Processor Speedup

• New hardware technology
• Smaller physical circuits make faster clock
  cycles possible
• Application of Faster Processing Techniques
  (Described in the next few slides)
• Pipelining
• Parallel Processing

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Instruction Cycle for Processors

• Fetch Instruction
• Get an instruction from memory, such as 0001
  0011 0101
• Decode
• Circuitry in processor will determine the meaning
  of the instruction, for instanceAdd 3 and 5
• Execute
• Circuitry performs the operation
• Finds the answer, for instance 8

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Faster Processing

• Standard
• Pipelining (used in Pentium processors)

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Faster Processing

• Standard
• Pipelining (used in Pentium processors)

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Faster Processing

• Parallel Processors
• Two or more processors in the same computer
• Used by
• Network Servers (2 to 4)
• Mainframes (10 or more)
• Supercomputers (100 or more)

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AnalogyProcessor RAM Speed

• Fast Processor Too little RAM Mack Truck and
  10 UHaul Trailer
• Accomplish move after dozens of round trips
• Fast Processor Sufficient RAM Mack Truck and
  Semi Trailer
• Accomplish move in one round trip

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Memory

• Hardware used to hold information needed by
  running programs
• Volatile
• Used when power is on
• Non-volatile
• Holds Information, even when power is turned off

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RAM Chip
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RAM Chip
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RAM (Random Access Memory)

• Volatile
• Measured in Megabytes
• SDRAM Synchronous, Dynamic RAM
• RAM construction
• Single inline memory module (SIMM)
• Dual inline memory module (DIMM)

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Making a Faster Computer

• Spend more money on RAM
• 1.8 GHz with 1024 MB of RAM can run faster than
  2.5 GHz with 256 MB of RAM
• Why?
• RAM space fills up quickly
• Hard drives are used as temporary RAM
• Hard drives are effectively several thousand
  times slower than RAM

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Back of a Computer

• Notes the ports on the back

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Connector Types
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Expansion Cards

• Provide flexibility, allows for upgrading
  technology, and choosing different types of
  hardware
• Types
• Video
• Sound
• Modem
• Network

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